University:
Arizona State University
Course:
HST 200 | Historical Themes
Academic year:

2024
Views:

98

Pages:

2
Author:

Thuyoul US

ASU HST 200 (Historical Themes) DEBT AND TAXATION OF THE CROWN OF CASTILE IN THE TIME OF THE AUSTRIAS. EVOLUTION AND HISTORIOGRAPHY Making the distinction between services and rents is crucial to understanding how the Crown of Castile's taxes changed over time throughout the Hapsburg era. The Canary Islands are an exception to this rule becouse they have managed to preserve their medieval traditions despite being a far-off and unique archipelago. The transition from the medieval to the modern monarchy is a gradual process that involves giving up a taxation system that was based on the king's rents in favor of a system that is increasingly based on the services of the kingdom. In contrast to the Canary Islands, where the Crown's rents provided the fiscal income, Castile began to rely more and more on the services provided by the pecheros towards the end of the l6th century. During the first part of Philip Il's reign, the monarchy attempted to base its fiscal policy on indirect taxes derived from royalties or rents from the Crown, as well as indirect taxes on import and export goods, rather than direct taxes requiring the approval of the courts. However, this policy was unable to withstand the demands of foreign policy. The final attempt by the monarchy to uphold Castile's taxes on Crown income took place in the 1570s; nonetheless, the Cortes' approved services were initially made available for use prior to the end of the loth century, albeit very slowly. In this essay, we attempt to examine the many stages of this race for new services, as well as their gradual expansion and growth, in response to the demands of a war economy and the mounting burden of public debt that underpins everything. Owing to the breadth and diversity of this topic, it will be essential to ignore the intricate issue of the mechanisms for collecting services, which piqued the interest of various oligarchies and saw several modifications throughout the course of the 17th century. Anticipating the eighteenth-century attempts in the same direction, we shall see the Crown's futile attempts in the middle of this century to implement some "general means" to make up for the distribution of services and redistribute the tax burden; an expensive and ultimately fruitless dialogue with the Cortes to achieve this goal, or failing that, the extension and extension of new and old services. The Cortes of Castile were dissolved in September 1665 during a tense conversation with the Kingdom's corporation, and during the latter part of the 17th century, new measures known as "donativos" were employed in an attempt to prevent or postpone the complete breakdown of the services-based tax system. Every time the exposition is given, it must be supplemented by intercalated references to the fundamental history, which must be restricted to the fundamental bibliographies.