University:
Arizona State University
Course:
HST 200 | Historical Themes
Academic year:

2024
Views:

302

Pages:

2
Author:

Godzi R.

Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Turkey The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, also known as the Artemesium, was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Here's a detailed look at its history, architecture, significance, and eventual fate: Construction and Design Location: The temple was located near the ancient city of Ephesus, in present-day Turkey. It was dedicated to Artemis, the Greek goddess of hunting, wild nature, and fertility. Builder: The original temple was commissioned by Croesus, the king of Lydia, and was designed and constructed by the architect Chersiphron and his son Metagenes in the 6th century BCE. Dimensions: The temple was one of the largest of its time, measuring about 115 meters (377 feet) long, 55 meters (180 feet) wide, and 20 meters (65 feet) high. It was supported by 127 columns, each standing 19 meters (60 feet) tall. Architecture: The temple was constructed in the Ionic style, characterized by its use of volute capitals and continuous friezes. It was adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures, including works by renowned sculptors such as Phidias and Polyclitus. Significance and Cultural Impact Religious Center: The Temple of Artemis was a major religious center and pilgrimage site in the ancient Greek world. It housed a sacred statue of Artemis, which was believed to have fallen from the sky. Cultural Hub: The temple complex was not just a place of worship but also a cultural and economic hub, with festivals, markets, and various activities taking place in and around the temple. Destruction and Reconstruction Destructions: The temple was destroyed and rebuilt several times due to various reasons, including arson, earthquakes, and invasions. The most famous destruction occurred in 356 BCE when a man named Herostratus set fire to the temple in a bid for fame. Reconstructions: The temple was rebuilt after each destruction, with the final version being completed by the Roman architect Deinocrates in 323 BCE. This version of the temple was considered one of the grandest buildings of the ancient world. Decline and Disappearance Abandonment: The temple gradually fell into disuse and was eventually abandoned after the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire. The materials from the temple were used in the construction of other buildings in the area. Rediscovery: The ruins of the Temple of Artemis were rediscovered by archaeologists in the 19th century. Excavations have revealed the layout and grandeur of the temple complex, including the foundations and some of the sculptures and decorations. Legacy and Influence Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: The Temple of Artemis was included in the list of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, highlighting its significance and impact on ancient culture and architecture. Architectural Influence: The temple's design and architecture influenced later Greek and Roman temples, and its image and symbolism have been referenced in art and literature throughout history. Conclusion The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was a marvel of ancient architecture and a testament to the skill and creativity of ancient builders and craftsmen. While the temple no longer stands, its legacy lives on as a symbol of ancient Greek culture and religious devotion.