University:
Arizona State University
Course:
HST 200 | Historical Themes
Academic year:

2024
Views:

266

Pages:

2
Author:

Godzi R.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria The Lighthouse of Alexandria, also known as the Pharos of Alexandria, was one of the most famous landmarks of the ancient world. Here's a detailed look at its history, construction, significance, and eventual fate: Construction and Design Location: The lighthouse was located on the small island of Pharos, off the coast of Alexandria in Egypt. It was built during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (283-246 BCE). Architect: The architect of the lighthouse is believed to have been Sostratus of Cnidus, although some sources attribute the design to the court architect of Ptolemy II. Dimensions: The lighthouse was a tall, three-tiered structure, estimated to have stood between 100 to 140 meters (330 to 460 feet) tall, making it one of the tallest man-made structures of the ancient world. Materials: The lighthouse was constructed primarily of limestone blocks. The exterior was covered in white marble blocks to reflect sunlight and serve as a navigational aid for sailors. Function: The primary function of the lighthouse was as a navigational beacon, guiding ships into the busy harbor of Alexandria. It was also used as a symbol of the power and wealth of the Ptolemaic dynasty. Significance and Cultural Impact Symbol of Alexandria: The Lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the most famous landmarks of the ancient world and a symbol of the city of Alexandria. Historical Accounts: The lighthouse was described by ancient writers, including Strabo and Pliny the Elder, who marveled at its size and beauty. Destruction and Legacy Earthquakes: The lighthouse was damaged by earthquakes in the 10th and 14th centuries CE. The extent of the damage is unclear, but the structure was gradually abandoned and fell into disrepair. Disappearance: The exact date of the lighthouse's destruction is uncertain. Some sources suggest it may have survived in some form until the 14th century, while others claim it was completely destroyed by the 12th century. Legacy: The Lighthouse of Alexandria has left a lasting legacy as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Its design and construction have inspired later lighthouses and architectural works. Rediscovery and Archaeological Excavations Rediscovery: The remains of the lighthouse were rediscovered underwater off the coast of Alexandria in the 20th century. Excavations have revealed some of the foundation stones and artifacts from the structure. Conclusion The Lighthouse of Alexandria was a remarkable feat of ancient engineering and a symbol of the prosperity and sophistication of the ancient city of Alexandria. Though it no longer stands, its legacy lives on as one of the most famous and iconic structures of antiquity.