Particle Base Tutorial Notes

Particle Base 1. Traits Particle Base Although initially the atom was defined as the smallest particle cannot be divided further, but in its development it was discovered that atom arranged on three type particle sub-atomic (particle base), that is proton, electron, And neutrons.The masses of elementary particles are expressed in atomic mass units (amu), in where 1 senior high school = 1.66 × 10 –24 grams. Whereas load particle base statedas charge relative to the electron charge (e), where charge is 1 electron = e = –1.60 × 10 –19 coulomb.The charge of 1 proton is the same as the charge of 1 electron, but the sign different. The mass of 1 proton is the same as the mass of 1 neutron, 1 each senior high school. Mass electron more small than mass proton or neutrons. 2. Arrangement Atom Henry Gwyn-Jeffreys Moseley (1887 – 1915) on year 1913 men-find that the amount of positive charge in the atomic nucleus is a characteristic property each element. Atoms of the same element have different numbers load positive Which The same. Moseley Then propose so that term number atom given symbol Z , For mention amount load positive in core atom. An element's atomic number indicates the number of protons in the nucleus. After Experiments are carried out, it is known that the atom has no electrical charge means in atom amount load positive The same with amount load negative,so that number atom Also show amount electron in element. Number atom ( Z ) = amount proton = amount electron For example, element oxygen own number atom 8 ( Z = 8), means in atom oxygen there is 8 proton And 8 electron. Apart from the atomic number, there is also something called the mass number usually given symbol A. Number mass This used For determine the number of nucleons in an atom of an element. Nucleons themselves are particles compiler core atom Which consists from proton And neutrons. A (no mass) = amount proton (p) + amount neutrons (n) In atomic writing, the mass number ( A ) is written at the top left, whereas number atom ( Z ) written in adjacent left lower from symbol element. Z X = p+n Information: X = symbol element A = nomor massa Z = number atom For ion (atom charged positive or negative) so notation ion, amountproton, neutrons, And electron is: Ion Positive Notation Amount proton (p) Amount neutrons (n) Amount electron (e) A Z _ p =Z n = A–Z e = p–q Ion Negative A Z _ r– p = Z n = A–Z e = p+r Example: a. 12 C have amount proton, neutrons, And electron asfollowing. p= Z = 6 n = A – Z = 12 – 6 = 6 Because atom neutral (not charged) so e = p = 6. b. On ion 19 F  have amount proton, neutrons, And electronas following. p= Z = 9 n = A – Z = 19 – 9 = 10 Because load F is –1 so r = 1, so that:e = p + r = 9 + 1 = 10 c. 38 Sr 2  have amount proton, neutrons, And electron asfollowing. p = Z = 38 n = A – Z = 88 – 38 = 50 Because load Sr is 2+, so q = 2 so that:e = p – q = 38 – 2 = 36 88