AP Biology Unit 1 Practice Test

AP BIO UNIT 1 TEST- PRACTICE TEST hydrogen bond which of the following is most easily broken? a. hydrogen bond b. triple covalent bond c. single covalent bond d. ionic bond covalent what type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons? a. ionic b. covalent c. hydrogen all of the above water molecules are a. polar b. hydrogen bonded to one another c. cohesive d. all of the above Cl which of the following elements is not one of the four most common in living organisms a. C b. N c. O d. Cl cohesion water's property of surface tension is due to a. cohesion b. adhesion c. high specific heat d. ionic bonding atoms together in molecules, molecules to other molecules ionic and covalent bonds attach ___ while hydrogen bonds attach ___ a. molecules to other molecules, atoms together in molecules b. water molecules to surfaces, water molecules to each other c. atoms together in molecules, molecules to other molecules d. water molecules to each other, water molecules to surfaces the pH goes above 7 what a solution becomes increasingly basic a. the pH goes down b. the number of H+ ions increases c. the pH remains the same d. the pH goes above 7 the number of electrons in the outermost energy level the number of bonds that an atom will make with other atoms is related to a. the number of electrons in the innermost shell b.the number of neutrons in the nucleus c. the number of electrons in the outermost energy level d. the number of neutrons in the outermost energy level When HCl is dissolved in water, it makes H+ ions and Cl- ions. This causes _____. the pH of water to go down a. the pH of the water to go up. b. a pH reading of 15. c. the pH of the water to go down. d. a pH reading of 7. Which of the following is not true about water? a. It dissolves other polar molecules. b. Drops cling together due to hydrogen bonding. c. It is a universal solvent. d. It is less dense as a solid than as a liquid. It is a universal solvent. 100X more H+ A solution of pH 6 contains ____ than the same amount of solution of pH 8. 1/8 a. 4X more H+ c. 100X less H+ b. 100X more H+ d. 2X more H+ Solvent...solute...acidic A can of soda consists mostly of sugar dissolved in water, with some carbon dioxide gas that makes it fizzy and makes the pH less than 7. In chemical terms you could say that soda is an aqueous solution, where water is the _____, sugar is an _____, and carbon dioxide makes the solution _____. a. Solvent ... solute ...basic b. Solute ... solvent ...basic c. Solvent...solute...acidic d. Solute ... solvent ...acidic A buffer maintains a stable pH by: a. Providing an acid to control overly basic conditions in the body b. Donates OH- ions when conditions become too acidic and Donates H+ when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ accepts OH- ions when ions when conditions conditions become too basic become too acidic. c. Donates H+ when conditions become too basic and accepts H+ ions when conditions become too acidic. d. Providing a base to control overly acidic conditions in the body. The emission of _____ and _____ are primarily responsible for acid precipitation. Nitrogen oxides ... sulfur oxides a. Carbon dioxide ... methane b. CFC's ... sulfur oxides c. Nitrogen oxides ... sulfur oxides d. Carbon dioxide ... ozone Hydrogen bonding ___________. all of the above a. causes water molecules to cling to each other b. allows water to absorb a lot of heat without a huge change in temperature c. must be broken to convert water to steam d. all of the above Aquatic living things are able to survive the winter thanks to which property of water? It is less dense as a solid than as a liquid. a. It is less dense as a solid than as a liquid. b. It is cohesive and adhesive. c. It is the universal solvent d. It resists changes of state (from liquid to ice or liquid to steam). Which of the following is best described as hydrophobic? a. water b. oil c. sugar d. salt oil Water would still freeze at 0°C and boil at 100°C without hydrogen bonding. False a. True b. False True A solution with a pH of 5 has 10 times more hydrogen ions (H+) than a solution with a pH of 6. 2/8 a. True b. False Any pH below _____ is acidic. a. one b. five c. seven d. twelve seven Which property of water is responsible for facilitating the flow of water upwards in a tree? It is cohesive and adhesive. a. It resists changes of state (from liquid to ice or liquid to steam). b. It is cohesive and adhesive. c. It is the universal solvent. d. It is less dense as a solid than as a liquid. Molecules that attract water are described as hydrophilic. True a. True b. False Deoxyribose is the sugar found in _____. DNA a. DNA b. RNA Carbohydrates are commonly described as _____. a. oils b. waxes c. sugars d. proteins sugars Which best describes a saturated fat? a. many C=C bonds in its fatty acids b. solid at room temperature c. plant origin d. all of the above solid at room temperature Fats from animals usually are liquid at room temperature. False a. True b. False After hydrolysis of a triglyceride, we would have _____. a. many amino acids b. different types of nucleotides c. fatty acids and glycerol d. monosaccharides and disaccharides fatty acids and glycerol Which of the following is NOT a use/function of lipids? a. speed up chemical reactions b. insulation c. plasma membrane component d. long-term energy storage speed up chemical reactions hydrophobic Lipids are generally _____ due to an absence of polar groups. form the waterproof cuticle of plants that decreases water loss. waxes a. oils b. steroids c. waxes d. phospholipids 3/8 True Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (phosphate group) and hydrophobic tails (fatty acids). a. True b. False The chemical characteristics of the amino acids are determined by their _____. R group a. amino group b. R group c. carboxyl group The plasma membrane is primarily composed of _____. a. phospholipids b. waxes c. fats d. all of the above phospholipids Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE? all of the above a. It is a steroid. b. It is used to make the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone. c. It has a backbone of four fused carbon rings. d. all of the above Which of the following can bring about a change in protein shape? either A or B a. temperature b. pH c. either A or B The monomers of proteins are _____. a. amino acids b. monosaccharides c. glycerol d. nucleotides amino acids Which of the following specific kinds of proteins defends us against infectious agents? antibodies a. hormones b. transport proteins c. enzymes d. antibodies When you boil an egg, the white becomes hard because the albumin protein is denatured by the heat. a. True b. False True The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its _____. primary structure True a. primary structure b. secondary structure c. tertiary structure d. quaternary structure Each of the twenty different amino acids has an amino group, a carboxyl group and an R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another. a. True b. False 4/8 All proteins have four levels of structure. False a. True b. False The bond between two amino acids is ______. a. formed by hydrolysis b. an ionic bond c. nonpolar d. known as a peptide bond known as a peptide bond Which of the following acts as an intercellular messenger? hormone a. hormone b. antibody c. enzyme DNA is single-stranded, but RNA is double-stranded. False a. True b. False In DNA, the number of purine bases always equals the number of pyrimidine bases. True a. True b. False Which of the following is NOT found in a nucleotide? a. a pentose sugar b. phosphate c. peptide bonds d. a nitrogen-containing base peptide bonds Nucleotides joined together by condensation synthesis form _____. nucleic acids hydrogen bonds a. polypeptides b. nucleic acids c. polysaccharides d. lipids The two strands of DNA are held together by _____ between the purine and pyrimidine bases. a. ionic bonds b. hydrogen bonds c. covalent bonds The nucleotide that supplies energy for condensation synthesis is _____. adenosine triphosphate a. adenosine triphosphate b. guanine c. thymine d. cytosine The molecule that stores the information about the order of amino acids in a protein is DNA a. ATP b. RNA c. DNA 5/8 DNA contains _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s). a. one b. two c. three d. four four The thymine nucleotide is always paired with the adenine nucleotide in DNA. True a. True b. False Which of the following is considered a macromolecule? a. nucleic acid b. amino acid c. fatty acid d. none of the above nucleic acid Organic molecules are ones that always contain __________. a. carbon and nitrogen b. hydrogen and carbon c. hydrogen and phosphorus d. carbon and potassium b. hydrogen and carbon Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of primary organic molecules? salts a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. salts d. nucleic acids Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen mix easily with water. False a. True b. False four Since carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell it can bind to as many as _____ other atoms. a. two b. four c. six d. eight all of the above Functional groups of organic molecules __________. a. determine the polarity of an organic molecule b. have specific chemical characteristics c. can distinguish one type of organic molecule from another d. all of the above The process by which polymers are turned into monomers is called__________. hydrolysis a. condensation synthesis b. ionization c. hydrolysis d. phagocytosis During condensation(dehydration synthesis), water and a bond are formed. True a. True b. False 6/8 Which is the INCORRECT association between monomer and polymer? nucleic acid - polypeptide a. monosaccharide - polysaccharide b. nucleic acid - polypeptide c. nucleotide - nucleic acid d. amino acid - polypeptide During hydrolysis, _____ is used to break a bond. a. starch b. cholesterol c. water d. DNA water Isomers are molecules that are identical to each other in every way. False a. True b. False True Carbohydrates typically have twice as many hydrogen atoms as they do carbon and oxygen atoms. a. True b. False Carbohydrates include all of the following EXCEPT ______. a. ribose b. glucose c. phospholipid d. starch phospholipid A dissacharide contains two monosaccharides that were hooked together by ______. condensation a. hydrolysis b. condensation Which of the following is an isomer of glucose? a. chitin b. starch c. lactose d. fructose fructose Dairy products contain the disaccharide _____, which some people are unable to digest. lactose a. cellulose b. lactose c. starch d. glucose Plants store sugars in the form of _____ in their roots. a. cellulose b. glycogen c. chitin d. starch starch Which of the following functions is performed by carbohydrates? all of the above a. energy storage b. identification of cell type c. plant cell wall support d. all of the above 7/8 chitin Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the exoskeletons of crabs and grasshoppers? a. glucose b. chitin c. glycogen d. maltose Cellulose is easily digested by humans. False a. True b. False Animal cells store extra glucose as _____. a. starch b. chitin c. cellulose d. glycogen glycogen 8/8