Assignment 3: Bony Fish

Assignment:3 DATE PAGE No UNIT 12 Cass Osteichthyes Question 1 Name alteast 5 marine and Fresh water food fish. Ans Morine Food Fishes 0 Hilsa (Hidsa) ②Anguilla( Eel) ③Sardinella (salmon) ④ Harpodon (Bombay duck) S stromateus (Pomphret). Fresh-Water Food Fisher; Lobeo rohita (ealbes (Rohu) Labeo caibasu (Calbasu) Question 2 Catla catla (Catia) Cirrhina mrigla( mrigal) mystus -seenghala (sanghara). A buoyancy regutating organ called swim or Air bladder present in bony fish. Question3 In wlich lass of fish there is no cloaca. Ans Osteichthyes (Bony Fishes). Question 4 The excretsoy matter in bony fish is ammonia. Question 5 Differentiate betueen chondrichthyes (cartilage fish) and Osteichthryes Ubony fish). 0r Advancement of Bony over cartilage. Ans> Bouy Fishes Cartilage Fishes Nature of Lepidotrichia (Supported by Ea Ceratotrichia (supported byhormey tins cartilagenoris or bony finsay fin rays). Exoskeleton Gonoid or cyeloid orctenoid Placoid scales. scales. Jaw susp ension Autostylic Hyostylic- DATE PAGE No Pectoralgirdte- Formed of scapula,coracoid Gurt opopening Tail fin land mesocoracoid bones. Swim bladderAnus Homocercal Present & acks as hydrostatie orgon -Filifems Formed of scapula-coracoid bar. Cloacal aperture. Heterocercal. Aboeut. Lamelliform 15-7 pairs, not covered by Nature of gill Gill alts 4 pairs, covered by an operau operculum Jum. operculam. Spirades- Abseut Present Brain Better developel. Less developed! Question 6 Ans Ο Wite drrun general choracters of dass-Osteichthyes. Body FormBody is spindle shopeol, stremlined to redua the water resistance during swimming. ② Size The average size ronge in bony fish is 30.t0900 These are as small as locm. (eg. Minnouss) or as large as Am (eg. Iword fich) Appendages Body appendages are knun as fins. Paired appendages are pecloral and Pelvie fins, Unpaised fins are Dorsal, Ventral and caudal fino supported by bon Bin rays. caurdal fin or Tail fin is Homocercal expe except membe of chondrostei. DATE PAGE No. ④body Division Body is divided into. Head,Trunk and Taй. Neck is absent. Skin Ο is soft aued cantains Dermal scales wlich are Gans fid (cdiamond shape) or cycloid (circular with smoth morgin or escendid crough or spiny margin) in the dermis. Epidernis is statifed and keratinized and cautains numero us anicelleilar mucers giands. Muscles Muscles of the trunk aud tail are arranged in "" shaped myotomes Bodly cavily A ture Enterocoelie celom is present wlich is divided into auterior small Pericardiad cauity and opacirus Peritoneal canity having viscera except kidneeps. Endo-skeleton consist of dermal scales i,e. conoid or cycloid or ctennid seales. Endoskeleton is entirely made up of Bene, excapt members of chondrostei(made up of cartilage). Jau suspension Autostylic. Jow have teeth and Notochord perzists but reducel. DATE PAGE No 10 Degestive ayatem 0 6 Diestive tract is complete. mout Terminal qud bordered by sips, bearing numerous Teeth except polypterus (Heelth are absent). Teeth are Homedont, Acredont and polyphyodont. Pharynx is Parge, Oesoplagas is chost, stomoch. Iutestine. has No scooll valve except members of Chondrostel. Rectum opens to the exterior by means of anls Clooco is Absent. Respiration system Indudes 4 pairs of Gills. Cills ore Filliform and are covered by operculam or gill cover. Spiracles are absent. swim ar Air Bladder present chids acts as abuoyane and may also help in equilibrum and sound producki Buoyaney most bouy fish have a swim bladder con air sae that helps control the buoyancy of Hhe fishs. The swim bladder allouss the pish to adjeet ts denaity so it can sise or sink. Circulatory system?- Circulatory system is f closete Hemst is 2 chambesed having one Auricle and verde one de Ventricle). except lungfish heast is 3 chambered (2 Aurdef 2 1 2 DATE PAGE No 이 이 Sinus venosus present end conces arterious is replaced by bullus arterisus. Venosus heart and single circulation. and lymphatic sys. Jem present. Bleod cantain WBc (lencocutes). RBe ovad and nucleated Hepatie portal system and renal postral system well developeel. Exeretory system inedudes pair of Opisthonephric kidney Fresh water bouy fish have Jarge glomeruti while mart ne bony fish have aglomerular kidueys. Ammonoteliom excretes Anonia Nerveus system -al cord. CNS is divided into Brais and spin Brain is differentiated into Forebrais, midbrain and hind brain. Brain has small olfactory lobes, cerbrum and cerebellum 10 pairs of cranial nerves + Zero or Terminal nerve. Brain has a single meminse poimaliva. Sense Organs Paired sense organs, Eyes and Ear. • Eyers have Monoceilar vision and colour vision.Eye lack eyelids and glands. 6 이 DATE PAGE No Ear is aunty formed of intemal ear, calleal as Memb ranous Labyinth having s semicircular ducts. Nasal sae or opfactory sac paired and dorsal ang do net open iuto buccal cavity, so intemal nores absent except lung fish. Taste buds are present Late Lateral Dine sense organs are well developed. Endocrine system Thyroid gland, pituitary gland, Thymus gland, Pancreas, Gouads and Adrenal tissue Oceurs. Body Temperature Cold-Bloodeol or Poikilothemal auimals. Reproduction: 0 0 Reproducion mostly sexual. Generally einisexual,end paireed gonads with gouoduch Female is generally oriparcus, but some are ovoyiv parrus or viviparous. Fertilisation is Extemal. Development blastic. Polylecithal egg. and cleavage is Meror & Does uot inctucde the formation of embryonic 9 DATE PAGE No membranes, Hherefore, grouped under ANAMNIOTA. 20 Habitat o Are aquatic, ocurs in all soots of water fre6 0 O 0 sh, Saltish, warm, cold. They show great diversity related Do adaptations Mauy deep fiohes are Luminescent produce light. Photophores (light producing organs) cautaiving bacteno photobacterium aud vibrio. Some female deep sea pish produce pheromones. Some Pish can change colour (metachrasis). Some fish prepare nests and parental care of eggs. Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Ouestion 5 Assignment:-4 DATE PAGE No BONY FISH CLASSTFICATION OSMOREGULATION IN FISH Lungfish protopterus fish act as a connecting link betue Bouy fich and Amphibians. Codanth Coelacanth is a living Fossie. Swim bladderis modified from lung of protopters. OR Swim bladder of protopterus is modified in lungs. A Deficieney of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin causes diabetes insipidus. Define the folewing terms giving suitable examples Osmoregulation Osmoregulation invoierves regutationof osmotie concontration of the body fluids by regalating water fevel in hem. The term osmoregutation was first coined by Huber in 1902. Isotonic animals have same osmotic concentration f the body fluid as that of surrounding. such animals olo not face the problem of osmoregupation. eg- most marine fishes. Hypetonie avtimals - DATE PAGE No are those whose body fuids have Ligher asmetio concentration than the surreunding medim eg- Fresh uxater protozoans, crustaceans and fishes. is Hypertonic animals are those ukose body fluids have trwes esmotio concontration than the surrounding mediom. eg- masine bouy fishes and elasmobrandhs. Such animaks have to face the problem of water Doss frone Hreis body flics Poikilosmotic auimatsare osmalically variable animals wkich cas be adjust osmatic concentration of their дорh ttarids ale Do that of surrounding mediams. These are of lHuo types: stenohaline animals andBEuryhatine anmals. VI) Stenohaline animaßs they are the animals wko can ot taterate ouly mimor changes in salinity. eg-most of the aquatic animas, Vin) Euryhaline animals con koterate vide ranges in seliaite 1o have a wide range of toterance. DATE PAGE No Question Anz ixy x Homoiosmotic animals are osmostable animals and can regulate and maiuton theis osmotie concoutration & their body fluids irreppective of concentration of surron nding medium. eg- Aves, mammals. Osmoregutatort are those animals wlich o can maintam an internal asmolarity differeut from the surronnding medium. eg- Elasmobranchs. Osmoconformersare those animalz wlich wlich have a wide range of osmolanity of their body ftuids and chouge theis ormolarity accorcting to that of surronding medium. eg- all marine invertebrates, hagій. Aive an outtine dassification of class OsteithyeA ly Kingdom- Animlia Phylum - Cherdata Sub.phylom- Vertebrate Section - anathostomata Super-class - Piscer C 1.M 2 3 CJass - Osteichhyeѣ . Sub.Class- Actino ptery gill DATE PAGE No Co ⇒ 1. Chondrastei Questiont Choracter 1. Nature of fins1 2. Olfactory 6905- 2-Orders Polypeeriformeд eg-polypterus 2 Acipeuseriformes eg-Acipenser 2 Holbstei 2-orders -class i Lepisosteiformеs. eg-Lepisosteng 2. Amiformeр. eg-Amia Differentiate the follewing:- Sub Class- Aclinopterygii Choanichthyеь Paired Bin, have broadbase and are supported by radiating dermal rays, so called rayBiuned Rishes. Do't open in buceal cavity,so internal nares are absent. 3. Air-bladder-Act as hydrostatic organ. →3.Teleoste Inludes 30 orders. Sub- class sarcopterygii Paired fins have narons base and are supposted by gointed skelelon se called Dobe- finned fishes open in buecal cavity, so interna) herses are present. Modited into single or edibo ub double lumg Character Inf Cl Chondrastei In.c Halostei Scotes Ganoid Ganoid or cydoid Lub dl. Teleastei Cycloid os ctenoid Taie fin Heterocercal Hemiheterocecal Homocercal Endo-skel mainey ofcartieages. Moderately ossifieal Intestine spiral valve present Vestigeal spiral valve Largety ossifie. Spisal valve absent Spiracle Present Absent Absent Characters 1. Dorsal fin 2. Tail fin 3. Exo skeleton 0. Polypteriformв Dividedl iulo mquy finlets Diphycercal. Formed of gonoid scales. Examples Polypteres (Bichis). DATE PAGE No 0. Acipeunseriforтер Not divided into finlets. Heterocercal. Formed of s longitudinal rоть bouy and keefed plates called suts cunodified gandid scaler). Acipenser (sturgeon), polydon (speen billed stausturgeon). Characteros O. Lepisosteiformes 0. Amilformeд. 1. Snout. Elongated snoat yauss froom beak aud are armed uulth teeth Snout is rounded. 2. Doxsal fin Small- sized P posteriorin position Large- sized & extends from midde q b to the tail fin. Scales/Examplochanoid.:(Lepisastens) gar pike aycloid, eg- Amia(Boufin) Character O. Crossopterygi D. Dipnoi Air-bladder Acts as hydrostatic organ. Modified inlo 1 or 2 lungs Internal mera- Absent. Preseut (open in buccal eanity) Jaw-suspension-Hyostylic Autostylic. Spirat-cle Present Absent Scroll-valve- Preseut Absent Example Latimeriaccoelacanth) Lungfish eg- Protopterus(Abrican 9t is earliest knran iving ish oith primmitive characker Devonian period, so also eatted Diving fossi. eungbish). Lepidosiren (soutn Amence lumgHoh) Nebeeratoders (Astralan bung fish) ling bishes act as cone Link blt bouy fishes & amphibians Question & DATE PAGE N Explain inin detail the osmoregulation in fisk. Aus I) Osmoregulation in Fresh-water Teleosts ( Bony Fisher) IV) Freph water teleosts are hyperosmalie animals and face the problems of either gain of water or foss of body salts through gills and diving of oral or pharyngeal cavity. Such quimals counter these problems by No drtuking of water. In scaleless fish layer of sub-cutaneaurs fat is formed. Produckion of hypotonic uin by kidneys Less of some salt is compensateal by faking up not Nat and ce Yons from water to theis body friids by active transportati by chloride.cell. FOODONLY Nad SALT I DELUTU URINE Fig- asmösegulatten in fresh- roater telecst. Bomoregulalion in Marine Fishes HagFish The boly fluinks are made Psotonic lo sea water with the help of kidney wlich act as a ion- regulationg structeres. b> In marine Teleosts The booly flefuiks are hyposmotic to sea water aind face the problem of losing water from their bod fluids. These fishes counter this problem by: دا iv> Taking Large amount of sea water, DATE PAGE No. Loss f Nat, kt, t from their body tlido with the he of chloride cella. Divalent ions like Mg2t and 802t are eliminated wiith заксы Presence f aglomerusar kidney to prevent water Joss urine. DCT of Nephron is also absent. SALT Na R H20 2- H20 mg24,802 Fig- asmoregulalion in mosinebany f Marine Elasmobranchs (shark3) In sharks the body rids are made Psctonie Io sea water by reabsorbing abeut a 2.5% of urea from the nephric filterate and excess call salt is removed by rectat gland iv Coelcanth (Lobe-finnel fish)• makes its body tluid dliyh hypertonie to sea water by trimethylamine oxide. Migratory Fishes Catadromeus Pshes lUike eel migrate from fresh water ib sen nwater fer breeding, So have to # DATE PAGE NO regulate their blood tonicity in tewo different habitat. In fresh -water eel osmoregulates like freshwater Teleasts and in sea water osmoregalaters like marine Teleasts. Control of osmoregulationIn fishes, the osmoregulation is controlled by ADH or vasopressinfrom pitnitary and aldosterone from adrenal contex. ADH increases the reabsoption of water from nephric. finterate and Aldosterone is concerned with fonic balance and promotes the reabsorption of sodiam and excretion of Potassium.