Physiology (Exams With the Key Answers)

1. Which of the following increase Venus return to RT atrium a. deep inspiration and jogging b. varicose vain c. supine position deep expiration d. increase veins capacity and veins vasoconstriction 2. Regarding right atrial pressure is increase by decrease in a. Venus return b. blood volume and bleeding c. intra thoracic pressure and plasma volume d. cardiac pumping and systemic veins radius 3. ECG machine record the paper speed is a. 15 mm/sec b. 20 mm/sec c. 25 mm/sec d. 30 mm/sec 4. When recording lead 2 in ECG the positive electrode is a. left arm b. left leg c. right arm d. right leg 5. 40 years old business man present with hypertension 180/90 his blood show elevation of renin level, right renal artery renin decrease, left renal artery renin increase What is the most appropriate diagnosis a. Aldosterone secreting tumor b. Pheochromocytoma c. left renal artery stenosis d. right renal artery stenosis 6. Action potential conduction velocity of cardiac tissue influence by the following except a. cell diameter b. K extracellular concentration e. rate of rising of phase 6 of action potential d. duration of phase 2 plateau 7. P wave is positive wave in lead 1 because a. A depolarization of ventricle proceeds from endocardium to pericardium b. when ECG electrode attached to RT arm is positive in relative to LT arm which ibi negative so its readied positive wave c. AVN conduction is slow d. depolarization of atrial start from RT atrium spread to LT that's why it's positive 8. Which of the following is character of cardiac cycle in person have atrial fibrillation? a. loss of 20% of stroke volume, bradycardia, R-R interval is irregular b. low stroke volume tachycardia, and R-R interval is irregular c. low EDV, Bradycardia, decrease in arterial blood pressure d. high stroke volume, high heart rate and irregular rhythm 9. Which of the following intervention increase the stroke volume? a. decrease ventricular pressure b. increase arterial pressures c. increase sympathetic activity on heart d. decrease circulating catecholamine 10. the primary rout to remove Ca++ from sarenplasan during relaxation in cardiac muscle is a, active pomping from cell b. passive exchange with extracellular Nu c. trapped in SER d. attached to tropomyosin in sarcomere 11.T-system in cardiac muscle found in a. Z line b. A-1 junction e. end of sarcomete d. oubide muscle fiber 12. Which of the following true about cardiac muscle a. forcing of contraction is increased by circulating adrenaline b. heart muscle contract in response to action potential of ANS c. the action potential have the same duration as skeletal muscle d. all Ca++ needed for contraction enter to myocyte from extracellular during plateau phase 13. Increase contractility demonstration in frank starling low diagram by b. increase COP for given end systolic volume a. increase COP for given end diastolic volume c. decrease COP for a given end diastolic volume d. decrease COP for a given end systolic volume 14. The pressure difference between heart and aorta is least in a. left ventricular during systole b. left ventricular during diastole d. right ventricle during diastole e. right ventricle during systole 15. About right atrial pressure, increase with increase in which of the following a, blood volume, cardiac contractility, and increase move of blood from arteries to vein b. Venus return, veins compliance, ADH e. systemic veins diameter, arterial diameter, blood volume d. heart failure, total peripheral resistant, positive inotropic 16. Regarding Venus return increase by decreasing of a. veins compliance, intrapleural pressure and parasympathetic activity b. intrathoracic pressure, cardiac contractility veins radius c. veins systemic radius, blood flow to heart, right atrial pressare d. central Venus pressure diameter of arterioles, blood volume 17. Regarding cardiac physiology all true except a. acute pericarditis due bacterial or viral infection b. interculated disk provides strong union between muscle cells e. papillary mosele does not help AV valve to close d. AV valve open toward ventricle and prevent back flow of blood toward arium 18. The following is characteristic of cardiac cycle in 20 years old athletic male at rest a. Low heart rate, increase in R-R interval, high stroke volume h. Bradycardia, filling phase decrease, and increase in end diastolic volume, e. Negative chronotropic, decreases diastolic time, increase cardiac cycle time d. Bradycardia, R-R interval decrease, increase parasympathetic activity 19.At the end of isometric contraction phase the left ventricular pressure is aortic pressure and aortic valve is.......... a. more than, closed b. greater than, opened e. lower than, opened d. 120 mmHg, opened 20. Regarding regulation of cardiac muscle which of the following is not correct a. sympathetic enhance Ca++ influx and increase force of contraction b. both E and NE increase stroke volume directly by increase systemic vein contraction and increase VR c. catecholamine increase velocity and force of contraction and decrease systolic time d. parasympathetic stimulation lead to negative chronoscopic rather than negative inotropic 21.50 years old male admit to hospital as case of heart failure, catheterization done measure COP by Fick's method, use the following Pulmonary artery O, is 20 ml/100ml Pulmonary vain O, is 14 ml/100ml O consumption is 200 ml/minute COP: a. 51/min h. 3.5 L/min .1.3 L/min d. 31/min COP is: a. 5L/min h. 3.5 L/min c. 3.3 L/min d. 3L/min 22. Regarding conductive system which is true a. AV node found in posterior wall of right trium and AP delayed is 0.09 sec in AVN itself b. AP delayed is 0.04sec in bundle of AV and atrium velocity is 0.3 m/sec c. AV conduction is twa direction pathway and delayed is about 60 sec d. velocity of AP in Purkinje is Akm/sec and total AP transport is 0,16 sec 23.Sympathetic stimulation to B1 receptor in cardiac muscle result to all of the following except a. cross bridge increase, affinity to Ca++ increase, increuse systolic time h. Caspike, CGMP increase, decease diastolic time c. affinity of troponin to ca increase decrease velocity of contractiom, increase permeability to Na d. SER ca release increase, mcrease interact between actin and myosin, decrease diastolic titie 24. Which of the following describe correctly the event of cardiac cycle during PR interval in ECG a. atrial systole and action potential pass to ventricle through AVN and AV bundle. b. Ventricular volume increase and aortic valve open c. Atrial pressure increase and 1" heart sound d. a wave of intra-arterial pressure and ventricular contraction 25. Regarding refractory period of cardiac muscle one is correct a. the refractory period of cardiac muscle only during cardiac contraction b. absolute refractory period in cardiac long than skeletal e. the refractory period of cardiac allow tetanization of cardiac muscle d. relative refractory period from start of depolarization to stage 3 of repolarization 26. Regarding cardiac cycle which of the following event happen in the end of ejection phase a. semilunar valve open. 2 heart sound, lowest ventricular volume b. aortic valve close, ventricular volume increase, pulmonary valve open c. aortic valve close ventricular pressure decrease. 1" heart sound d. ventricular pressure decrease pulmonary valve open, lowest ventricular volume 27. Regarding preload of cardiac preload increase by increase in which of the following: a. Venus return, EDV, veins compliance b. running, deep inspiration, vasoconstriction of systemic vein c. EDV, vagal tone, blood volume d. Skeletal muscle pumping, systemic vain diameter and central vein pressure 28. Which of the following statement would decrease the end systolic valume? a. Sympathetic nervous system, catecholamine, stretch in ventricular muscle b. catecholamine, negative imotropse, heart failure c. norepinephrine, digitalis, hyperkalemia d. positive inotropic, vagal tone plasma CA++ 29. Which of the following condition increase cardiac output a. high BMR, low afterload increase end systolic volume b. positive inotropic, increase veins compliance, increase end diastolic volume e, systemic veins constriction, stretch in cardiac muscle, hyperthyroidism d. positive chronotropic, aortic stenosis, stroke volume 30. Regarding intrinsic regulation of cardiac muscle fiber, which statement not correct: a, when sarcomere is starched beyond 2.4 um the contractility dieseminated b. great vems retarn, great cardiac contractility, great COP c. atrial fibrillation disease, lead to decrease stretch of myocardium and less end diastolic volume d. optimum overlap of contractile protein lead to decrease affinity of troponin to calcium and increase cross bridges 31. Pace maker of heart is a. SAN b. AVN c.bundle of His d. Purkinje fiber 32. Which of the following statement about cardiac muscle is most accurate? a. The T tubules of cardiac muscles can store much more calcium than T-tubules in skeletal muscle b. The strength and contraction of cardiac muscle depends on the amount of calcium surrounding curdiac myocytes e. In cardiac muscle the initiation of the action potential causes an immediate opening of slow calcium channels d. Cardiac muscle repolarization is causes by opening of sodium channels 33. The absolute refractory period in the ventricles: a. Is the period when the ventricles are completely excitable b. Corresponds to the period of ventricular repolarization e. Corresponds approximately to the period of ventricular contraction d. Decreases during parasympathetic stimulation of the heart. 34. Sinoatrial done cells are: a. Found in both atria h. Unable to generate impulses when completely denervated . Connected to the AV node by fine bundles of Purkinje tissue. d. Able to generate impulses because their membrane potential unstable. 35. What is mostly responsible for phase 0 of sinoatrial node action potential? a. Voltage-gated Na channels h. Acetylcholine activate K-channels. e. Inward K-channels d. Voltage-gated Ca-channels. 36. Which of the following factors inhibits the excitation contraction coupling mechanism of cardiac muscle? a. Hyperkalemia, synapathetic nervous system activity and calcium excess in ECF b. Ach (acetylcholine, Vagaus nerve stimulation and hypothermia c. Vagal stimulation, hypercalcemia and digitals drugs. 4. Negative inotropic agent, B-receptors agonist and hypocalcemia. 37. Regarding pericardial layers of heart, which one is true: a. An outer serous (lubricated) pericardium and inner fibrous pericardium h. The librous pericardium prevents overstretching of the heart. c. The part of the serous pericardium lining the fibrous pericardium is the visceral pericardium. d. Cardiac tamponade is accumulation of air in pericardial sac. 38. The strength of contraction of left ventricular muscle increases when: a. End-diastolic ventricular volume is increased h. Serum potassium level rises c. Blood calcium level fall 4. Parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated. 39,60 years old man is known case of old myocardial infarction. He starts complaining of fatigue and his HR is 40 beats/min. He has an implanted artificial pacemaker to restore his normal heart rate. Which of the following statements. describe physiological changes of circulation in this patient (before implantation. of pacemaker)? a. Blood flow to brain decrease, stroke volume increase and tachycardia, b. Low cardiac output, low arterial blood pressure and Purkinje fiber is the pacemaker. c. Stroke volume decreases, systolic blood pressure decreases and SA node is the pacemaker d. Low arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure increased and increased curdisc 40. Which of the followings are physiological characteristic of isometric contraction phase in cardiac cycle? a. Ventricular pressure increase, ventricle volume fixed and appearance of (a wave) of intra-amal pressure b. All valves are closed, ventricle blood volume fixed and 2 heart sound is heard. c. AV valves are closed, ventricular pressure is increases and appearance of te waves of intra-atrial pressure d. Appearance of (e-wave) of intra-atrial pressure, ventricular pressure decreased and closure of semilunar valves 41. In the pressure-volume loup below, isotonic ventricular systule begins at which of the following? a. ED b. Dio C c. Bte D d. B to A 42. The central venous pressure increased with: a. Decreased venous return b. Increased blood.volume e. Increased pumping action of beart d. Decrease stroke volume 43. Which one of the blood vessels has the greatest cross sectional area? a. Aorta b. Capillary c. Arteriolex d. Veins 44.In this ECG: a. The rhythm is irregular h. The heart rate high (tachycardia) e. Pacemaker of heart is ventricular muscle d. Prolonged PR interval 45.P wave represent: a. Depolarization of right ventricle h. Depolarization of both atria e. Depolarization of left ventricle d. Atria to ventricular conduction time. The answers 2D 3C 4 B 5C 6 D 7 D 8B 9C 10 B 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 A 16 A 17 C 18 A 19 B 20 B 21 C 22 C 23 B 24 C 25 B 26 D 27 B 28 A 29 C 30 D 31 A 32 B 33 C 34 D 35 D 36 B 37 B 38 A 39 B 40 B 41 C 42 B 43 B 44 B 45 B