University:
Boston University
Course:
CAS CH 214 | Organic Chemistry with Qualitative Analysis
Academic year:

2024
Views:

75

Pages:

20
Author:

Jarrett Richard

Phenol in Massachusetts Project Summary The Problem: Phenol and phenol related compounds (NP/NPEs) are widely used chemicals with negative effects on both people and the environment that are not heavily focused on with reporting. The Project: Compile a profile of phenol in its uses, production, and locations across the state of Massachusetts to improve reporting and look into decreasing its usage. An Introduction to Phenolic Compounds Phenol Nonylphenols/Ethoxylates Definition Carbolic Acid, an organic compound, hydroxyl group substituted into a benzene ring Derivative of phenol with a 9 carbon tail and hydroxyl group substituted into a benzene ring Form White, solid Pale yellow, liquid Solubility More soluble Less soluble Production Extraction from petroleum products (coal, tar, cumene process) Degradation of alkylphenol ethoxylates Utilization Intermediate and solvent in industrial process Manufacturing of industrial chemicals (cleaning and manufacturing) Application and Implications Phenol Primary Uses and Industries ● ● ● Health Impacts ● ● ● ● ● ● Nonylphenols/ Ethoxylates Production of Phenolic Resins primarily for construction Intermediate in Production of Caprolactam and Bisphenol A Medical disinfectant ● ● Animal tests reflect reproductive issues Toxic, especially via oral exposure Skin and eye irritation Issues with weight maintenance Circulatory system issues with kidneys and blood EPA Group D ● ● ● ● ● ● Cleaning detergents Industrial processes as a working fluid and component in coatings Cosmetics and plastic production Hormone disruption Aquatic toxicity Skin and eye irritation Reproductive issues Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances (PBTs) Pertinent Reporting Legislation and Databases ● ● Tier II Data from Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986 (EPCRA) ○ Speciﬁed chemicals over a threshold (standard of 10,000 lbs) must be reported Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 ○ Section 5(a) - Signiﬁcant New Use Rules ■ Notify EPA before chemical substances and mixtures are used in new ways ○ Section 8(a) - Chemical Data Reporting ■ Provide information regarding processing and use, generally 25,000 lbs pounds per reporting year Phenol Thresholds for MA ● Chemical Data Reporting ○ 25,000 lbs ● Tier II ○ Reportable Quantity Threshold ■ 1,000 pounds ○ Threshold Planning Quantity ■ Solid - 500 lbs ■ Liquid - 10,000 lbs Notes on Phenol Identification Appearance: CDC - Colorless to light-pink NIH - Colorless to white Form: CDC - Crystalline solid NIH - Liquid NJ DoH - Combination CAS IDs: Ex. 11-88-21 is listed as both Phenol and an Alkylated Phenol Inhibitor, It is Phenol, 4,4'-methylenebis[2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- The proportional distribution of all 2017 Tier II reports by main chemical, with the omission of 8 values that did not Tier II - Phenol Main Substance Distribution Tier II - Phenol Main or Mixture (MoM) Distribution Tier II - Statistical Significance Sample: Facilities with Phenol as a Main Substance Unique IDs: 11 Reports: 225 Mean: 20.455 St. Dev: 3.880 Population: All Facilities with a Main Substance Unique IDs: 6,320 Reports: 13,689 Mean: 2.166 Conclusion The difference between the mean reports from facilities with phenol as a main substance and mean reports from all facilities with a main substance is statistically significant. One-Sample Two-Tailed T-Test t value: 70.705 Alpha level: .05 DoF = 224 P-value: < 0.001 Tier II - Main Phenolic Substances Tier II - How are Phenol MoM Substances Used? Tier II - Firms that Meet CDR Thresholds ● Firms with a Main Chem Ave Amt Greater than CDR Threshold ○ Hollingsworth & Vose Company ■ Resin - 25,457 lbs (x2)* ○ National Coating Corporation ■ Resin - 25,000 lbs (x6)* ■ Resin - 44,300 lbs (x6)* ○ Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc. and Saint-Gobain Ceramics and Plastics, Inc. ■ Resin - 137,644 lbs* ○ Teknor Apex Thermoplastic Elastomers ■ Heat Reactive Solid - 30,000 lbs (x6)* Tier II Firms that Meet CDR Thresholds ● Firms with a Main Chem Max Amt Greater than CDR Threshold ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ Accurate Plastics, Inc. ■ Resin - 45,000 lbs (x4)* Hollingsworth & Vose Company ■ Resin - 51,300 lbs (x2)* Industrial Polymers & Chemicals ■ Resin - 30,000 lbs (x4)* National Coating Corporation ■ Resin - 86,000 lbs (x6)* ■ Resin - 88,600 lbs (x6)* Olympic Adhesives, Inc. ■ Liquid Phenol - 38,375 lbs (x2)* Saint-Gobain Abrasives Inc. and Saint-Gobain Ceramics and Plastics, Inc. ■ Resin - 186,666 lbs* Teknor Apex Thermoplastic Elastomers ■ Solid Talc Blend - 65,000 lbs (x3)* ■ Solid Heat Reactive - 45,000 lbs (x6)* EPA’s 2016 CDR Data ● 12 Chemical Data Reporting entries at Massachusett Sites for the categories of: ○ Manufacturing ○ Industrial Processing and Use ○ Consumer and Commercial Use Phenolic Compound Entries Listings on Tier II Data Sabic Innovative Plastics 7 0 Monson Companies for E.W. Kaufmann 4 0 Polnox Corporation 1 0 CDR - Sabic Innovative ● ‘Confidential Business Information’ for all CDR values ● Subsidiary of Saudi Aramco, state owned oil and natural-gas of Saudi Arabia ● 5 other Tier II facility reports CDR - Monson Companies ● Reports that all 171,107 lbs of phenolic compounds were used ● 42 other Tier II reports between their two facilities locations ● Now ‘Azelis L&MF US and Azelis Essential Chemicals US’ ● 2 facility addresses in the same town CDR - Polnox Corporation ● ‘Confidential Business Information’ for all CDR values ● 0 other Tier II reports ● 2 employees and receiving funding from Department of Energy and National Science Foundation for lubrication development initiatives New Legislation Proposal Status November 2019, EPA does NOT have plans to finalize NP/NPEs SNUR A new SNUR regarding NPs/NPEs September of 2014 Manufacturers provide 90 days notice to EPA Split as 4 NPs and 11 NPEs Manufacturers from the automotive, aerospace and chemical industries requested an exclusion “Currently determining the best path forward to manage NPs/NPEs” Chemical Nomenclature Issues Future Three year cycle of evaluation for future prioritized substances NP/NPEs not selected in in high-priority candidates which are targeted for December 2022 Earliest probable date to conclude review of NP/NPE would be late 2025 If unreasonable risk identified, EPA has two more years to finalize risk management rules putting regulatory action only as early as 2027 Conclusion In the current state in which there is a noted absence of accountability in monitoring and progress in legislation, phenolic compounds, with their documented costs to health and the environment, will remain a problem at large for the immediate future.

Phenol in Massachusetts Lecture

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