Building Emissions Perfomance Standards Appendix

APPENDIX LARGE BUILDING EMISSIONS (35k+ SF) TREATMENT OF RECs and OFFSETS Renewable Electricity Procurement ● ● ● ● Off-site renewable energy purchases, including RECs, used only to offset electricity consumption RECs retired in the year they were generated ■ Some flexibility for an accounting true-up period (e.g., 6 months) Accounts participating in the City’s Community Choice Electricity program will have the appropriate emissions factor applied. Options ■ Option 1: Unbundled RECs that meet Massachusetts Class I eligibility ■ Option 2: Virtual Power Purchasing Agreements and directly owned off-site renewable ● Must be traceable to a specific project and the RECs must be retired Initially, GHG offsets for building-level fossil fuel combustion not considered. We will revisit by 2030, or sooner if a local offset option becomes available. Or a building my apply to the Review Board for consideration of a custom approach. BUILDING EMISSIONS EQUITABLE INVESTMENT FUND ● New fund dedicated to emissions reduction projects that prioritize environmental justice populations and benefits including: ○ Affordable housing preservation and rent stabilization ○ Air quality improvements ○ Training and access to green jobs for residents, women and people of color ○ Clean energy deployment ● Funds to be allocated by the newly created Review Board. REVIEW BOARD ● Two-thirds of board members to be nominated by the community and community-based organizations, with missions prioritizing environmental justice populations ● Expertise areas: ○ Environmental justice ○ Affordable housing ○ Labor and workforce development ○ Public health ○ ○ ○ ○ Building engineering and energy Environmental protection and climate change Real estate development and management Historic preservation ● Stipends would be available (amount and rules to be further detailed in regulations) ● Responsibilities: ○ Oversight and enforcement ○ Program review & regulation update recommendations ○ Review of alternative pathways* ○ Allocation of grants from the investment fund* RESOURCE HUB Acts as a single entry point for renters, workers and owners for access to resources for building retrofits. Resources will include connections to incentives and financing, expert guidance, training opportunities, fair housing resources, and educational materials. Phase 1 - Informational website for building owners and tenants ● ● ● ● ● ● How to comply with the performance standard How to decarbonize a building Available funding options Tenant protections Green leasing Workforce training Phase 2 - Technical Support ● ● ● Webinars Office hours One-on-one consultations Phase 0.5 - Eversource Partnership ● Mass Save concierge service for large buildings FUNDING OPTIONS ● Existing ● ● ● ● Incentives - Mass Save, SMART, MassCEC Tax Credits - Solar ITC, Low-Income Housing Tax Credit, Historic Tax Credit Financing - BIDFA Tax-Exempt Lease, Property Assessed Clean Energy Future ● ● Alternative Compliance Payments Climate Bank BUILDING RETROFITS CAN CREATE... BETTER BUILDINGS FOR RESIDENTS QUALITY JOBS FOR WORKERS HEALTHIER CLIMATE FOR EVERYONE Building rehabs can improve comfort levels and indoor air quality, help lower energy use and bills, and support resilience. Retrofitting Boston’s buildings will create high-quality construction, energy efficiency and clean energy job opportunities for workers. By making Boston’s buildings carbon neutral, we will reduce our largest contribution to global climate change and make our city more resilient. CASE STUDY: MULTIFAMILY (LOW EMISSIONS) Multifamily housing ● Mid-rise, single building ● 120-140 housing units Gross Floor Area: 220,000-240,000 SF Envelope insulation ● Walls: R-6 ● Roof: R-19 Emission Percentile: 32% Heating, cooling, HVAC: ● 8,400 MBH central steam boiler with steam to hot water heat exchanger ● 185 kW central chiller, cooling tower, two 30 HP pumps with VFDs for cooling tower and condenser loop ● 20-60 MBH fan coil units in residences; baseboard fin tube water loop in commercial ● (2) 7.5 HP circulation pumps with VFD for residences; (1) 3 HP circulation pump with VFD for commercial ● Terminal units have thermostats; boiler steam valve uncontrolled Lighting: ● Residences: CFL, incandescent, T12 fluorescent ● Common areas: LED and T12 fluorescent Other: Resident gas and electricity master metered; commercial gas master metered, electricity separate Central water heater Year Built: Pre-1900 (renovated 1970-80) Windows: Double pane, seals in poor condition Domestic hot water: ● 620 MBH central indirect water heater with 2 tanks; 1/6 HP and 3/4 HP circulation pump ● Fixtures: 1.5 GPM showerheads and sinks Fan coil unit Central steam boiler Process equipment: On-site laundry Cooking: Electric ranges Refrigeration: Mixture of 14 to 15 cu. Photo credits: CEC CASE STUDY: MULTIFAMILY (LOW EMISSIONS) POSSIBLE PATHWAY ● Major improvements ○ 2030 - air-to-water heat pump system, $0.9M ○ 2035 - heat pump water heater, $0.1M ● Incremental abatement cost: ○ $1.1M over 30 years ($1.2M over 30 years with energy costs) ○ $188/ton ($191/ton with energy costs) ○ 16¢/SF/yr (17¢/SF/yr with energy costs) CASE STUDY: MULTIFAMILY (LOW EMISSIONS) CASE STUDY: TECH/SCIENCE (HIGH EMISSIONS) Technology/Science - Laboratory Gross Floor Area: 160,000-180,000 SF Envelope insulation ● Primarily visible glass: R-1.15 (0.87 U-value) ● Roof: R-6 Year Built: Post-2000 Heating, cooling, HVAC: ● District steam: direct steam supply for AHUs and indirect hot water supply (steam-to-water heat exchanger) for VAV boxes ● Two 775 ton central chillers with VFDs on three 75 HP pumps for chiller loops and three 663 ton cooling towers with VFDs on 40 HP fans. Equipment runs year-round ● Six AHU with 100 HP fan motor, 44,000 CFM each, steam and chilled water coils and four VAV boxes with 50 HP fan motors, hot water and chilled water coils. Lab spaces are humidity controlled. Labs and restrooms served by eight 7.5 exhaust fans Windows: Double pane, metal-framed, non-operable, good condition Other: Roof is original. Steel-framed construction. Backup generator: 1,300kW engine onsite (diesel and natural gas) Cooling tower Emission Percentile: 83% Ventilation system Lighting: ● T8 fluorescent and CFL throughout ● Egress lighting exceeds required minimum light levels Domestic hot water: ● Steam-to-water heat exchanger to provide hot water to bathrooms and lab spaces Lighting (typical) Controls equipment: Central building management system with daily HVAC setback Photo credits: CEC CASE STUDY: TECH/SCIENCE (HIGH EMISSIONS) POSSIBLE PATHWAY ● Building would comply under individual compliance schedule ● Major improvements ○ 2025 - energy recovery ventilation (run-around), $1.5M ○ 2025 - LED lighting conversion, $0.4M ○ 2035 - district steam decarbonization + building retrofit: steam to hot water conversion, $4.2M ● Incremental abatement cost: ○ $6.4M over 30 years (-$0.8M over 30 years with energy savings) ○ $98/ton (-$12/ton with energy savings) ○ $1.24/SF/yr (-15¢/SF/yr with energy savings) CASE STUDY: TECH/SCIENCE (HIGH EMISSIONS)