Ecology Evolution Review Answers

Evolution, classification, ecology test Review 1. Identify three types of evidence that evolution has occurred. Actually 4 were discussed: fossil, comparative anatomy, embryology, molecular (comparing DNA or proteins) 2. Describe what homologous structures are and what they show Structures that evolved in a common ancestor of a group of organisms that have changed slightly (variations on a theme) . They show a common ancestor and that the organisms are related a. Give an example Arm of human, flipper of whale, wing of bat, forelimb of cat b. What is it called if the structure is no longer useful in one of the organisms? vestigal 3. Why are embryos used to see relationships among organisms We can see similarities that are not seen in aduld 4. Give an example of molecular evidence and if you are given data on 3 different organisms, how would you determine who is most closely/most distantly related Look at DNA or amino acid sequence in proteins. Less differences=more closely related more differences=more distantly related (less related) 5. What happens during artificial selection? Selective breeding. Humans choose the parents of the next generation based on desirable traits (farming, breeding pets…) 6. Describe what happens during natural selection There is variation in a population that is inherited. Some forms are at an advantage for being able to survive AND reproduce. Those with this advantageous traits will reproduce more. The next generation will have more individuals with this trait. This happens over MANY generations (time) and the POPULATION changes 7. Who is credited with idea of natural selection Charles Darwin 8. Do individuals evolve? Explain No a population evolves. 9. In an evolutionary sense, what does it mean to be fit? Leave more offspring 10. List the different taxonomic groups from largest (many different types of organisms) to smallest (only one type of organism) Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species 11. What does the first part of a scientific name mean? The second part? The genus the organism belongs to, the second part is the species they belong to 12. If two organisms are in the same family, they must be in the same genus…. True or false? False, but they would have to be part of the same order, class, phylum, kingdom and domain 13. Describe what is being show below Phylogenetic tree show the evolutionary relationships of organism A, B, C, D, and E Is D more closely related to C or E? Who is the last common ancestor or C and B D is more closely related to E. Their recent common ancestor is #2 which is nearer to the top. The most recent common ancestor between D and C is #4 which is closer to the bottom(longer ago) 14. List the characteristics of the 3 Domains Archea and Bacteria are both prokaryotic and single celled (unicellular) . Archea are found in extreme environments. Eukarya are all made of eukaryotic cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular 15. Which domains contain prokaryotic organisms? Eukaryotic? See #14 16. List the characteristics of the kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protist Animalia🡪 multicellular, eukaryotic cells, no cell wall, heterotrophic (eat other organism for nutrition), mobile (can move) Plantae🡪 multicellular, eukaryotic, cell wall of cellulose, photosynthetic, immobile, grow throughout life Fungi🡪 unicellular or multicellular, cell wall of chitin (NOT cellulose) heterotrophic (digest food outside the body) Protists 🡪 multicellular or unicellular, heterotrophic or photosynthetic, eukaryotic 17. Examine the phylogenetic tree below, each letter on the diagram points to a derived character, or something different (or newer) than what was seen in previous groups. Match the letter to its character. Note: this was created for simplicity and understanding, it does not represent the established relationships for insects and their relatives. 1. ___f__ Wings 2. ___c___ 6 Legs 3. ___a___ Segmented Body 4. __g____ Double set of wings 5. ___e ___ Cerci (abdomenal appendages) 6. ____d__ Crushing mouthparts 7. __b____ Legs 8. ___h___ Curly Antennae 18. List the characteristics found in flies. Wings, 6 legs, legs, segmented body 19. List the characteristics found in crickets. Cerci, 6 legs, legs, segmented body 20. List the characteristics found in spiders. Legs, segmented body