University:
Boston University
Course:
CAS WR 699 | Teaching College Writing
Academic year:

2023
Views:

396

Pages:

2
Author:

Melina Hobbs

Appendix: Sentences used in experiments Note: Each target sentence began with the same phrase ‘kono ohanashi de wa (in this story)’. This was done to control the strong preference of Japanese speakers to place the topic marker (wa) at the beginning of a bare sentence. (NOM: nominative, ACC: accusative, PERS: personalizer, POL:polite, DIM: diminutive) Subject+mo 1. hiyoko-san-mo taoru-o hoshi-mashi-ta. chick-PERS-also towel-ACC dry-POL-PAST ‘The chick also dried a towel (in addition to someone else).’ 2. onnnanoko-mo tsukue-o kai-mashi-ta. girl-also desk-ACC buy-POL-PAST ‘The girl also bought a desk (in addition to someone else).’ 3. Niwatori-san-mo osara-o arai-mashi-ta. chicken-PERS-also dish-ACC wash-POL-PAST ‘The chicken also washed a dish (in addition to someone else).’ Object+mo 1. kauboi-ga ushi-mo tsukamae-mashi-ta. cowboy-NOM cow-also catch-POL-PAST ‘The cowboy caught a cow, too (in addition to other things which he caught).’ 2. otokonoko-ga isu-mo hakobi-mashi-ta. boy-NOM chair-also carry-POL-PAST ‘The boy carried a chair, too (in addition to other things which he bought).’ 3. anpanman-ga ninjin-mo nage-mashi-ta. Anpanman-NOM carrot-also throw-POL-PAST ‘Anpanman threw a carrot, too (in addition to other things which he threw).’ Subject+dake 1. kuma-san-dake kori-o hakobi-mashi-ta. bear-PERS-only ice-ACC carry-POL-PAST ‘Only the bear carried the ice.’ 2. Minnie-chan-dake inu-o fuki-mashi-ta. Minnie-DIM-only dog-ACC wipe-to-dry-POL-PAST ‘Only Minnie dried the dog.’ 3. kobito-san-dake kuruma-o hippari-mashi-ta. dwarf-PERS-only car-ACC pull-POL-PAST ‘Only the dwarf pulled the car.’ Object+dake 1. osaru-san-ga sofutokurimu-dake tabe-mashi-ta. monkey-PERS-NOM soft ice cream-only eat-POL-PAST ‘The monkey ate only the ice cream.’ 2. omawarisan-ga kyoryu-dake nade-mashi-ta. policeman-NOM dinosaur-only pat-POL-PAST ‘The policeman patted only the dinosaur.’ 3. ojiisan-ga osara-dake tsutsumi-mashi-ta. grandpa-NOM plate-only wrap-POL-PAST ‘Grandpa wrapped only the plate.’ Filler sentences 1. otokonoko-ga baketsu-o kaburi-mashi-ta. boy-NOM bucket-ACC wear-POL-PAST ‘The boy put on the bucket (on his head.)’ 2. hitsuji-san-ga kaigara-o hiroi-mashi-ta. sheep-PERS-NOM seashell-ACC picked-up-POL-PAST ‘The sheet picked up the seashell.’ 3. zo-san-ga torakku-o oshi-mashi-ta. elephant-NOM truck-ACC push-POL-PAST ‘The elephant pushed the truck.’ 4. kuma-san-ga appurupai-o tsukuri-mashi-ta. bear-PERS-NOM apple pie-ACC make-POL-PAST ‘The bear made the apple pie.’