2. Shape

2. Shape 2.1 Format ● In the layout design, if the background is very dark or black, then the text and symbols set to white or other bright colors will be highlighted. ● On the contrary, simple black and white text will give people a calm, real and cautious feeling. ● Elements with high brightness are more noticeable than elements with low brightness. ● Adding a border can avoid the foreground picture to be integrated with the white background ● Horizontal formatting is more suitable to people's daily viewing habits ● Vertical formatting is more suitable for holding in hands 2.2 Points ● Point is the smallest graphical unit ● Use focus points to attract the user’s attention when designing ● When reading, our eyes also jumped from point to point, wandering between the lines in the word. ● There is always a prominent point in attractive design works that can catch people's attention, and it is also possible that two or three points are related to each other, thus guiding our sight. 2.3 Lines ● The point allows the line of sight to stay, and the line serves as a guide. ● When improving your own design, think about whether or not you added dynamic lines that guide the user exactly the way you want to guide them. ● Shape is connected with emotion. The slender lines give a gold and silver feel and look very light. Lines as thick as the beam will make people feel heavy. ● Squares composed of horizontal lines look taller, and squares composed of vertical lines look wider. ● The basic tendency of horizontal lines is to guide and connect, while vertical lines are to stop and divide. ● Dynamic Lines: Inclined lines that convey movement and vitality, creating a sense of tension and movement. ● If you want to align a circular object with other elements, you must properly break through the "align into a straight line" state, so that the circular object looks fit. 2.4 Surface ● Surface is commonly used as an organizer or for decor. ● Circles are always associated with warmth, softness, and femininity. ● Oval-framed paintings give a nostalgic feeling. ● The emotion conveyed by the square is quiet and stable, but also indifferent and tough. ● As an unstable shape, diamonds are more noticeable than static and stable shapes, so they can come in handy in occasions that need people's attention, such as traffic signs on lanes. ● An equilateral triangle usually gives pyramid-like stability; however, this shape is also dynamic. ● A triangle supporting itself with a point is also unstable, like diamonds, which is easily noticeable. ● A horizontal rectangle is malleable and tends to move horizontally. ● Vertical rectangles have a tendency to move vertically. ● Comparing horizontal and vertical rectangles, you will feel that their aspect ratios are slightly different. ● The wider vertical rectangle conveys a sense of stability, but sometimes it looks bloated. ● The higher vertical rectangle reflects the elegant and noble temperament, but may also appear tall and unstable. 2.5 Ratio ● Most DSLR cameras use the standard ratio, 3:2, but some still use 4:3. Also, some pocket cameras use the television ratio, which is 16:9. ● If you have mastered the basic knowledge of morphology and the relevant knowledge of proportion, you can get along with the best design scheme quickly on this basis, without having to endlessly struggle with the size of each element. 2.6 Position and Weight ● In order to achieve the visual effect that a certain point is in the center of the vertical axis, we have to move it up slightly during the design. ● When weighing the weight of elements, the most critical factors are area and brightness. ○ Of course, color, shape, and location are also important ● Dark design elements are considered to be heavier than light design elements. ○ This conclusion also applies to colored objects. ● Harmony in a design does not mean that all design elements are balanced ○ Setting the key strategically can make the design more alive. ○ Asymmetric designs have more tension than harsh designs, and they are more noticeable. ○ When weighing the various points, a clear, relaxed design is the charm of art ● The left and right edges of the text that are aligned at both ends are straight, so the visual effect is quiet and stable.This is suitable for designs that dilute the layout and highlights the content, such as books, newspapers, and periodicals. ● Left-aligned text with different line lengths looks more lively. ● Center-aligned texts make the lines of text evenly arranged on the left and right sides of the central axis of the page, which conveys static effects. However, this layout usually does not look very stable because it makes the text on both sides of the central axis deviate from each other. ● In the design, please do not mix different alignments. 2.7 Symbol and Association ● The circle has no obvious starting and ending point, which is why people associate it with endlessness and rebirth. Its roundness and softness are in line with the characteristics of women. ● The square is reminiscent of a sharp, hard, and masculine look. It is often used in logos in the technical field and represents absolute geometric characteristics ● Compared to static and compact circles and squares, equilateral and isosceles triangles always point to one direction only. ● We connect the ideal image we pursue with stars. ○ Stars with a lot of sharp corners have an explosive sensation effect visually. ○ Where there are novelties like exciting announcements or rare big sales, you can see this shape of the sign. ● The purpose of visual communication is mainly to express a certain idea graphically to achieve the effect of emphasis and communication. ● The meaning of the word "focus" is that what you show to people should be as simple as possible, so as to accurately convey the idea of the work and trigger the association that the viewer should have. ● “A picture is worth more than a thousand words.” 2.8 Perspective and Spatial Effects ● Perspective in a two-dimensional plane is purely an illusion. ● Parallel perspective means that parallel lines in reality also look parallel on the screen ● Compared with the parallel perspective, the picture presented by the central perspective is more natural ○ Two parallel lines extending far away from each other will eventually meet at the end of the line of sight, which is the vanishing point. ● Color and shadow can create a sense of space. ○ Thick and light tones are the visual effects of objects near and far respectively. ● Warm tones also make objects feel closer, and the bluer the object is, the farther it looks.