University:
Boston University
Course:
SAR HP 151 | Introduction to Health Professions
Academic year:

2022
Views:

208

Pages:

21
Author:

comolosmonositof

Application of Current Theoretical Models to Bilingual Aphasia Rehabilitation FUNDING ACKNOWLEDGMENT  Funding support from NIH/NIDCD: R21 DC009446; ASHF- Clinical Research Grant, ASHF New Investigator Grant, New Century Scholars Grant DISCLAIMER  The authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial relationships in the products or services described, reviewed, evaluated or compared in this presentation. Your patient • He is 63 years old, post-stroke, and multilingual. • He was born in Colombia, South America, and spoke mostly Spanish as a child and young adult. • He majored in French in college and spent a summer in France. He moved to North America when he was 22 and married an American who spoke only English. He had a stroke a year ago. • You will have to decide in which language to provide therapy. • Would you provide therapy in Spanish, the first acquired language, or in English, the language learned later but the one the client has been speaking with his immediate family? Road Map  The nature of bilingual language processing  The nature of language impairment in bilingual aphasia  Language therapy for bilingual aphasia Road Map  The nature of bilingual language processing  The nature of language impairment in bilingual aphasia  Different types of language therapy for bilingual aphasia Research in bilingualism 1. Language processing in a bilingual individual is a dynamic process 2. Both language systems are active during language processing tasks 3. Language control: how the target language is activated Research in bilingualism 1. Language processing in a bilingual individual is a dynamic process 2. Both language systems are active during language processing tasks 3. Language control: how the target language is activated 1. Language processing in a bilingual individual is a dynamic process  Learning L2 not only changes representations and access for L2 but also for L1  Mixing between the two languages poses a greater cost to L1 (more dominant) than to L2 (less dominant) (Christoffels, Kirk, & Schiller, 2007; Kroll, Dijkstra, Janssen, & Schriefers, 2000).  Immersion experiences in L2 result in attentuation/attrition of L1 (Linck et al., 2009)  Long term immersion can change the dominance, with L2 now becoming the L1 Model of Bilingual Lexical Access Semantics L1 (de Groot, 1992, 1994) L2 Asymmetrical Model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) Model of Bilingual Lexical Access Semantics L1 (de Groot, 1992, 1994) L2 Asymmetrical Model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) Model of Bilingual Lexical Access Semantics L1 (de Groot, 1992, 1994) L2 Asymmetrical Model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) Model of Bilingual Lexical Access Semantics Less Dominant More dominant Asymmetrical Model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) Model of Bilingual Lexical Access Semantics More dominant (de Groot, 1992, 1994) Less Dominant Asymmetrical Model (Kroll & Stewart, 1994) Research in bilingualism 1. Language processing in a bilingual individual is a dynamic process 2. Both language systems are active during language processing tasks 3. Language control: how the target language is activated 2. Both language systems are active during language processing tasks  Word recognition and production  Robust research evidence that parallel activation of a bilingual’s two languages is observed during word recognition and production.  Selecting a word to speak in one language activates alternatives in the non-target language (e.g., Colomé, 2001; Costa, Miozzo, & Caramazza, 1999; Hermans, Bongaerts, De Bot, & Schreuder, 1998).  Parallel activation is also observed when languages differ in script (e.g., Chinese/English; Japanese/English) GRAPE DOG Research in bilingualism 1. Language processing in a bilingual individual is a dynamic process 2. Both language systems are active during language processing tasks 3. Language control: how the target language is activated Models of language control  Selective attention to the target language  Inhibition of the non-target language Bilingual lexical retrieval Adapted from Costa, La Heij, & Navarette, 2006 Selective attention to the target language  According to Costa et al., 1999; Finkbeiner et al., 2006; there is activation in the non-target language but this activation is controlled by an attentional mechanism that effectively ignores competitors that are not from the target language. `  Inhibitory control model  In contrast, the Control Activation and Resource Model (Green, 1986; 1998) assumes that all activated alternatives potentially compete for selection  A specified inhibitory mechanism eventually resolves the competition by inhibition of candidates in the non-target language. Figure 3. Inhibitory Control model. Reprinted from "Mental control of the bilingual lexico-semantic system," by D. Green, 1998, Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1, p. 69. Copyright 1998 by Cambridge University Press. Road Map   Understand the nature of bilingual language processing  Understand the nature of language impairment in bilingual aphasia  Understand the different types of language therapy for bilingual aphasia