University:
Bradley University
Course:
HIS 322 | Ancient Egypt and the Near East
Academic year:

2021
Views:

221

Pages:

20
Author:

Cale Mejia

Chapter 3 Section 1 Mesopotamia Vocabulary • Mesopotamia – “the land between two rivers”, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers where present day Iraq is located • Sumerians – people of southern Mesopotamia that lived about 3500 BC, they came from the area called Sumer • Levees – raise areas of land or a wall around a body of water that are used to keep flood waters under control • Ur – A great Sumerian city • City-State – cities and their surrounding territories • Artisans – Skilled workers • Ziggurat – “Mountain of God”, a Sumerian Temple • Scribe – professional writers • Priest-King – Sumerian religious and government leaders, the same person filled both roles • Gilgamesh – the most famous of the Sumerian Priest-Kings, more god like than human • Hereditary – passed down from parent to child • Cuneiform – Sumerian writing 1. What was the earliest known civilization on earth? • Sumerian Civilization 2. How did Sumerians control the two rivers? • When the rivers flooded they added more soil to the raised soil that was left behind on the banks after the flood to form a levee. 3. How did Sumerians use flood water to irrigate their crops? • They poked holes in the levees to allow the water to run out an make channels • They widened these channels into canals • They then used the water form these canals to irrigate their crops 4. What was the main crop grown by Sumerian Farmers? • Barley 5. What did the Sumerians make their buildings out of? • Sundried Bricks made of mud and grass reeds 6. What groups of people made up the upper class in Sumerian Society? Where did they live? • Priests and Merchants • They lived near center city in two story houses 7. What groups of people made up the middle class in Sumerian Society? Where did they live? • Government Officials, Shopkeepers, and Artisans • They lived behind the upper class homes in one story houses 8. What groups of people made up the lower class in Sumerian Society? Where did they live? • Farmers, Unskilled Workers, and Fishermen • Towards the outside of the city 9. Describe how the ziggurats were designed. • They were a series of stacked layers that became smaller at the top, they looked like steps 10. What did the Sumerians believe was at the top of the Ziggurat? Who were the only people allowed inside? • The Gods lived at the top so only priests were allowed to enter the Ziggurats 11. What were the courts in a Sumerian Village? • The area outside the ziggurats where artisans worked, children went to school, farmers traded, and all public celebrations occurred 12. What were humans to Sumerian Gods? • Servants to help the male gods please the female goddesses 13. What happened if the humans made the gods unhappy? • Crops would not grow and their lives would be unhappy 14. What group of people was sent to school in Sumerian Society? What did they learn in school? • Sons of wealthy families would go to school • They often learned how to write and would become scribes 15. How did the Sumerian men get divorced? • The husband would simply say “You are not my wife!” 16. What famous bible story is similar to a story involving Gilgamesh? • Noah’s Ark

The Upper Class in Sumerian Society Was Made up of

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