Part A: knowledge and Understanding- multiple choice questions *Review Previous unit reviews, test, assignments, labs, etc.* 1. Canada’s Landform Regions: Canadas Oldest landform region is the Appalachians Canada’s youngest mountain chain is Western Cordillera The landform region we live in is Great Lakes/ St. Lawrence Lowlands 2. The type of climate plants grow best is warm and for precipitation is wet. 3. The part of Canada that receives the most rain is Prince Rupert, British Columbia 4. 7 factors that affect the location of industries: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Location of customers Proximity of Raw materials Availability of fresh water and/or Power Labour Supply Transportation Political Factors Circumstance 5. When Immigrants come to Canada they mostly settle in bigger cities like Toronto, Ontario. 6. Canada’s major trading partner is the US 7. The sector we find the most jobs in is the territory sector. 8. The sector that deals with manufacturing goods is the secondary factors 9. Fewer people live on farms today because as a country’s economy grows, more people migrate to urban areas, leaving fewer people in rural areas to tend the land. 10. The type of rock you would find fossil fuels in is sedimentary rocks. 11. The type of rock you would find metallic minerals is igneous and metamorphic. Renewable resources- resources that can be regenerated if used carefully Non-renewable resources- resources that are limited and cannot be replaced once they are used up Flow resources- resources that are replaced by natural actions and must be used when and where they occur or be lost Other resources- resources that do not fit into the other three categories (renewable, nonrenewable, and flow resources) Polar zone- cold most of the year (always weather) Temperate zone- moderate temperatures four seasons Tropical zone- hot most of the year (always summer) Alfred Wegener- in 1915, came up with the continental drift theory and that the continents of the Earth slowly moved. Used to be 1 big continent called Pangaea (200-300 million years ago) J. Tuzo Wilson- in 1968, came up with the plate tectonics theory, said that the Earth’s crust is made up of about 20 plates and these plates move on top of the mantle, the movement causes changes to the Earth’s surface Glaciation- the process of ice advancing and covering large areas of land Multiculturalism- a culture that is a blend of many different cultures. Example: Canada Canada Land Inventory (CLI)- there are 7 classes, and Canada has the most of class 7. Classes 2 to 4 are the most important to Canadian farming since this type of land is still well-suited for commercial farming and is much more common Factors that affect climate: L- latitude O- ocean currents W- winds, air masses, and jet streams E- elevation R- relief N- near water Intensive farming:   Involves relatively small areas of land Requires large amounts of labor  Located near large urban areas and produces products such as dairy products, for the nearby large population Extensive Farming    Involves large areas of land Requires relatively small amounts of land Produces products such as wheat and cooking oil for export Vegetation regions: Tundra Boreal and Taiga Forest Mixed forest Deciduous forest Grassland Cordilleran vegetation West coast forest Sustainability- the use of natural resources slower than their natural rate of replacement. This will ensure a constant supply for future generations Value added- by a process is calculated by comparing the value of the raw materials going in with the product emerging at the end Push factor- a reason that encourages people to move away from their current country. Example: weather, threat of war Pull factor- a reason that makes a particular country seem attractive to potential immigrants. Example: educational opportunities Urbanization- growth in the percentage of a country’s population that lives in cities and towns Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita- a measure of the size of an economy, in dollars, divided by the population Infant mortality- death of an infant before the infant’s 1st birthday Conventional energy- sources of energy that are commonly used. Example: oil, natural gas, coal, biomass, and electricity Alternative energy- energy from natural and renewable resources, such as solar or wind 3 Rs: Reducing    The item is neither purchased nor produced in the 1st place Fewer new items are produced Amount of resources saving: Most Reusing    The item is used by someone else when you no longer want it The environmental cost of manufacturing the item is avoided Amount of resource savings: More Recycling    The item is destroyed when you no longer want it, but the material in the item is recovered for reuse The environmental cost of obtaining the raw materials for the item is avoided Amount of resource savings: Some None of the 3 Rs   The item is taken to a landfill or burned in an incinerator Amount of resource savings: None Grand banks- a part of the continental shelf in the Atlantic, extending for about 560 km off the Southeast coast of Newfoundland Fossil fuels- an energy source formed in the Earth’s crust from decayed organic material Commerical forests- a part of a forest that has large enough trees and is close enough to a market to allow it to be harvested by the forest industry Non-commercial forests- a part of a forest that has trees too small to harvest or is too far away from the market, unlikely to be harvested Indigenous people- distinct and social cultural groups that share collective ancestral ties to the lands and natural resources where they live, occupy where they have been displaced Part B: Application Section- Problem Solving- know the following formulae and procedures *Formulas* Trade balance= Exports- Imports (difference between imports and Exports can be surplus and deficit) deficit= negative, surplus= positive Elevation: 1°c drop every 100m Population density= population divided by area Climate= growing season, average temperature, TR Pie graphs- % to degrees, degrees to % (Questions in your notebook!) Part C: Thinking Component- Questions based on articles and political cartoon interpretation Part D: Communication Component- Essay, Prepare in advance Geography Essay Exam I would relocate to Alberta because two advantages of Alberta are the community, Alberta is made up of diverse set of cultures. Alberta has many immigrants from Europe, and Alberta has the second highest percentage of Francophones. The government of Alberta is committed to a diverse and inclusive workspace for the Alberta Public Service. Alberta is devoted to an inclusive workspace that values the respect of employees. Another advantage is Alberta’s economy, Alberta is a province where you can find countless occupations which means that there is a lot of labor availability. Alberta’s general corporate income tax rate is currently about 8% which is the lowest among Canadian provinces. The biggest sectors in Alberta are mining, construction, real estate and rental and leasing. The two disadvantages of Alberta are that it has a continental climate and is around the north polar zone- north temperature zone, which means the winters are dry, sunny, and cold. Alberta has a relatively dry with hot summers and extremely cold winters. Another disadvantage of Alberta is that this province is home to roughly three quarters of Canada’s crude oil and natural gas production. Alberta is Canada’s largest oil and natural gas producer; this information indicates that the province of Alberta faces a number of environmental challenges related issues related to natural resource extraction.