Ageing (Senescence)

Sripu Ageing (Senescence] Ageing shows deterioration in the structure, junction and metabolism of bedy cell. Tissue and ergan of animal. Which start after the adulthood. described by Huxxeley 977 It was first The study of the process of ageing is called gesantology. The individual of the perticulas species everage age show 24 hours - may fory Rat. 13 years horse and tortosise - 1 3-4 days- silkmoth. Byears- Rabbit, 20-30 years - dog 100 years human being, cc years. 200 years - When an individual reaches adulthood (sexual maturity), its growth is replaced by a metabollic quilibrium btw anabolism and catabolism. stage En ward ajcing process begins - From this Effect of ageing on Human Being :- Related to morphology. - skin of face and body show wrinkles. Hair of head. beared and mustach grey. gradualy become Related to human physiology - @Body metabolism (heart, brain, nervous, respiration) slow down because the caloric need drop about 8% every 10 years. @roody show hormonal disturbance thus the effect the junction of various organs. Degeneration of bene 100ses of body &'t to drop of about 107. in bone muscles. ④ It makes the bone fragile and weak. Preating ability of heart shlow down the RAC preduction and also goes down It cause to defficiency in the of supply to the tissue. @Breathing capacity get reduced from 30-50%, in the age of 60 years ④ Related to extracellular organization - In young age the extracellulas space remains filled with polysaccharide fibrous, protein elastin and callagen. The callagen is perimeable, flexible and easily soluble. The collagen become less permeable, rigid (hard) and in bcluble with increasing age. @60 it does not permitt proper diffusion of ce.co nutrition and nitrogenous waste. Theary of ageing several theory has been proposed to explain various expects of ageing but enly two theory accepted. aro most Theary of ageing Cellular theary They incarporate the changes occuring at the cellular Level- Systemic ergan or organ system theary Theary incorporato the changes occuring at the organ system level of the body. Cellulan Pheary the following important hypothesis explain of ageing at cellular level. Cell ageing 30 the shell of body show a fixed life sperm The no. of shell division of ito comatic cells is fixed your every operies. Successive cell division brings about two importance change ⇒ Progressive reduction in rate of synthesis of some unknown factor. →Progressive changes of some unknown rejuvenating factors. Death ageing death gene. The programme of cell death is definite and it is controlled by Due to somatic mutation most of the somatic cell undergo point mutation continuously In the long duration such mutation progressively incented mutagenk agent in the cell. It disturb the normal function of Cell. @Accumulation of Agring substances the pigment such as lopofuscin in vertebrate muscle and nervous or accumulate this substance also causing the ageing. Lipofuscin is formed by the breakdown of phospholipid of cell membrant there accumulation aloo kills and damage the cell membrane and DNA. * Chalones are the harmonal oubstances which are deposite in the body cell that inhibits the physiological process which leads the ageing. Systemio / Organ System Pheary gf any tissue show abnarmality, the dependent organ system get affected. Ageing is caused by changes in three important factor- Change like collagene.. - It is present in okin, muscle, tendon and skeletal tissu In human body. It is oynthesized only at the age of 25 years But with the increasing age collagen undergoes dematuration of ito micromolecules as a result collagen become in ouluble. gt cheque the diffusion of O2, CO2 & nutrient also waste material. @Changes like immune system - ① withe the increasing age deffect appear in the immune system. It may lead to the production of antibodies against body con protein may causes eld 91 may. Arthriti. age decease likt Rheumatoi & ④ thus we can conclude that many factor at cellulas level and organ level wark together to cause ageing. C change like brown substantes -