Educational Administration Point Of View

EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION POINT OF VIEW Background The study of philosophy and theory of educational administration is a part that provides a direction of view on how an educational administrator carries out his duties based on truth values, both in practical and theoretical settings. The philosophy of educational administration is always thinking about and looking for hypotheses, principles and theories in the form of axioms and theorems, because education as a system requires continuous efforts to find and develop general system theories for future application. The emergence of systems philosophy is a response to ever-increasing environmental complexity, an explosion of knowledge, a continuous increase in specialization, and constantly changing social and human values. Compared to modern organizational management, this development requires a more complete, dynamic and feasible approach. The philosophy of the system will be retested, focusing on future directions. The problems of future organization and management are: (a) Organization and society will develop harmoniously; (b) The old organization will be replaced by a new organization; (c) Ideas and concepts are not sufficient to warrant change, and technology needs to change; (d) Systems theory and methodology are the best prospects for solving complex organizational problems in the future. Management continues to develop rationally and scientifically. Constant changes due to the advancement of science gave birth to a philosophical system. General systems theory should be applied, which is a general, interdisciplinary and descriptive approach. The future will bring problems for organizations and managers, and these problems require technical answers to change, not just ideas or concepts. In the future, complex organizational problems will be solved through systems theory and methodology. DISCUSSION Administration and Education Administration is an activity that involves human resources. If associated with education, then education administration is an activity aimed at optimizing (effectively and efficiently) the achievement of educational goals through the arrangement of various resources, humans, curriculum and facilities. Judging from the word, administration has a narrow meaning and a broad meaning. In a narrow sense, it is defined as data recording activities, written information letters and document storage so that they can be reused if needed. In this case, administrative activities include administrative work. In a broad sense, administration concerns management activities / management of all components of the organization to realize the goals / programs of the organization. Thus it can be said that administrative work is operative and management work. Miftah Thoha (1995: 8) argues, that management is defined as "A process of achieving organizational goals through the efforts of others". Based on the definition of administration as stated above, administration contains the following elements: a) The existence of a group of humans (at least 2 people). b) There is a goal to be achieved. c) There are tasks / functions that must be carried out (cooperation activities). d) The presence of necessary equipment and equipment. Meaning of Truth The term truth has 4 different meanings, in this case it can be symbolized by T1, T2, T3, T4 (Lincoln &; Guba, 1985). 1) Truth (T1) Metaphysical truth is the most fundamental truth and the ultimate truth, must be taken for granted. This truth is the truth that comes from God the Creator. 2) Truth (T2) Ethical truth is truth that refers to a set of moral or professional standards as a guide to behavior that must be carried out by office holders (code of conduct). A person is said to be right if he holds on and performs actions in accordance with the standards of behavior that he must carry out. T2 is sourced from T1 or socio-cultural norms, professional communities. (some are absolute, some are relative). 3) Truth (T3) Logical truth is the consensus truth, considered true if it is mathematically consistent or coherent with what has been recognized in T1&T2. 4) Truth (T4) Empirical truth is truth that is tested and resistant to criticism or falsification. Scientific truths are consistent with natural reality, science is standardized and diversified. Correspondent between theory, fact and reality. Of the 4 forms of truth, it can simply be grouped into 2 forms of truth, namely: 1) absolute truth, this truth is the basis of all truth in this world. This form of truth comes from God, for example the truth about, hellish heaven, death, and so on. 2) Relative truth, this truth is a truth that is relative or derived from humans found through experience or science. This type of truth gives rise to various types and forms of science, for example about laws made by humans called relative because the laws that apply in Indonesia do not necessarily apply in other countries. Truth in Science The terminology of science from a language point of view, especially English, is Science in Indonesian called Science. The word Science in English comes from the Latin scire which means to learn or know. In Arabic the word science comes from the word alima. In general science can mean deep knowledge, knowledge of the nature of everything that is understood with confidence and gambling. Science departs from empirical experience as the process of extraction. Naka from that, science must have standard characteristics, namely: 1) Objectivity, 2) There is a certain subject matter (object of study) 3) Have a systematics of content and area of studies. 4) Open: can be explained literally, 5) There is a methodology 6) Have standard terminology, In philosophy, the condition of something that can be said to be a science is characterized by the presence of elements: ontology, epistemology and axiology. The elements can be described as follows: 1. Ontology: discussion of the nature or of what is studied. 2. Epistemology: a fundamental discussion of how to obtain knowledge or the methods used to obtain knowledge. 3. Axiology: discussion of the usefulness and function of a science. Science is a form of knowledge acquired through scientific methods called "deduct- hypotetico - verivikative", or logico - hypotetico - verivikative. Science starts from the existence of problems, science is formed because humans are faced with problems, then the explanation is sought in detail and decomposed. Science is a rational explanation that is in accordance with its object. Appropriate explanation means that it is supported by empirical facts as a reality, so that it is declared true because it is rational and in accordance with reality as it is. The process of collecting empirical facts to determine whether or not they are true or not in accordance with reality is called verification, which is the process of examining or testing the correctness of the processing methods used, or proving with standard test equipment, for example in the calculation and research process. Is it correct how to calculate it, is it correct how to do the research. Whether the calculation technique or research technique is correct. The scientific thinking process in logico – hypotetico – verivikative (Yuyun Suriasumantri, 1996) is as follows: 1. Problem formulation 2. Preparation of a frame of mind in submitting hypotheses (literature study and scientific documentation) 3. Formulation of hypotheses 4. Testing the hypothesis, for this relevant empirical data and information are needed. The process and ways of testing it must be valid and valid is called data verification. The process of accepting or rejecting a conclusion, whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected.