Administrative Philosophy

Administrative Philosophy Some opinions that underlie "Administrative Philosophy" as an important thing in human life both in society and state: First, the opinion of Charles A. Beard (an expert on political history in America) who said that nothing for the modern century is more important than administration. The survival of government and even the survival of civilization itself depends on our ability to nurture and develop the "Philosophy of Administration". Secondly, James Burnham's opinion he said that, political and social revolutions will arise and be completed. However, there will be a revolution of the modern century that will never be completed, namely the "Managerial Revolution" which will give rise to the most important class in society, namely "The Managerial Class". Third, in line with the previous opinions, S. P. Siagian expressed his opinion that, the establishment of a State, The rise and fall of human civilization and the sinking of the nations of the world are not due to nuclear war or catastrophe, but will depend on the good and bad of the administration owned. In simple terms, it can be said that, both in public life and state life, administration is an option where decisions in achieving goals from various fields of life will be carried out efficiently and economically (Administrative Objectives). Some basic notions that need to be known in studying Administrative Philosophy: • Philosophy, is an effort to know correctly about something as deeply as possible both about the essence, function, characteristics, uses, problems and solutions of the problem itself. • Administration, is the entire process of cooperation between two or more people based on certain rationalities to achieve predetermined goals. Some of the things contained in the above definition: 1. Administration as an art adallah refers to a known process that is only the beginning while the end does not exist. 2. Administration has the following elements: a) The presence of two or more human beings, b) The existence of goals to be achieved, c) The existence of duties to be carried out, d) The existence of equipment or equipment including the time and place to carry out these tasks. 3. That administration as a process of cooperation is not new, it arises with human civilization (Social Phenomenon). • Leadership is the core of administration or management of all the resources and tools available to an organization. The ability of a leader to move resources will determine his success in achieving the goals or objectives that have been set. • Human relations, the entire series of relationships, both formal and non-formal between superiors and subordinates, superiors with superiors and subordinates with subordinates, which must be built and maintained in such a way as to create an intimate and harmonious Teamwork and working atmosphere in order to achieve goals. Human relations is at the core of leadership. • Organization, any form of alliance between two or more people who cooperate and are formally bound in order to achieve goals called superiors and one / several people called subordinates. Organizations are static when viewed as containers and can be dynamic when viewed as hierarchies. • Man, as "Homo Aministraticus" and "Organization-Man" where man has the instinct of society, the instinct of organization and the ability of man to meet his needs as well as the intrinsic nature of man "insatiable" so that man becomes the most valuable property in an organization. The principles, postulates and formulas of the exact sciences are definite while the social sciences are adaptive, because the application of principles, postulates and formulas is adjusted to conditions, place, time and humans (certainty in social sciences is uncertainty). In administrative science, these factors are known as ecological (environmental) factors such as: 1) State philosophy, since the philosophy of the State is the binding rope of all citizens, the philosophy of administration must be in harmony with the philosophy prevailing in a State. 2) The political system adopted by the State, because administration is a continuation of politics, administrative politics must be a continuation of State politics. 3) The level of economic development that has been achieved, the level of people's welfare will be very decisive in determining the priority system of development which is closely related to decision making in administrative activities. 4) The level of education of the people, the level of education will play a role in the communication process in administration, especially with regard to how to convey instructions, news, orders, information and so on. 5) Language, as a binder of unity which is also important in the effort to create a common "Frame of references" in the field of administration. 6) Religion, as one of the factors that distinguish humans from other creatures, with religion the pattern of cooperation between superiors and bwahan will have a balance in the sense that the treatment of a superior will run in accordance with the rails of humanity towards his subordinates. 7) Location (Geography) of the country. This location will affect communication and transportation patterns, especially in the implementation of administrative activities, for example in implementing a decision. 8) The structure of society, administrative processes and management will be relatively easier to implement in homogeneous society structures than heterogeneous societies.