University:
California State University, Los Angeles
Course:
BIOL 1010 | General Biology
Academic year:

2024
Views:

326

Pages:

6
Author:

Tatiana Rose

HYDROSPHERE Is a layer of water on Earth, including rivers, lakes, swamps, groundwater, rain, glaciers, seas and the ocean. A. The Hydrological Cycle Is the process of global movement of water and circulates from sea to land back to the sea. Several processes in the Hydrological cycle / water cycle: 1) Evaporation Is the process of evaporation from land and sea waters 2) Transpiration Is the process of evaporation from plants 3) Condensation The process of forming water droplets in clouds 4) Precipitation Drops of water that become rain 5) Interception Rainwater stuck in the trees 6) Infiltration Water seeps into the ground 7) Percolation Water that flows vertically and horizontally in the ground Hydrological Cycle Picture B. Types of Waters 1) Sea Waters Division of the sea, among others: a. Based on the cause of formation  Sea of Ingression Sea caused by land subsidence  Ocean Regression The sea formed by the narrowing of the sea or the lifting of the land on large area  Sea of Transgression Sea formed due to sea level rise or occurrence land subsidence slowly b. By Location  Offshore Located on the edge of the continent  Mediterranean Sea Located between continents and or more  Inland Sea The sea is almost completely surrounded by land c. Based on the Depth  Litoral Zone Coastal/coastal areas  Neritic zone Shallow sea area, from the tidal area to the depth 150/200 meters  Batial zone The sea zone is between 200 – 1500 meters deep and has slopes steep.  Abyssal Zone Very deep sea zone with a depth of more than 1500 meters 2) Inland Waters a. River  Based on the water source - Rain River The river that comes from rainwater - Glacier River The water comes from snow / melting ice - Mixed River The water comes from melting ice and rain  Based on the water discharge - Permanent River The flow is constant throughout the year - Periodic River There is a lot of water during the rainy season and little during the dry season - Episodic River The water is abundant during the rainy season and dry during the dry season  Based on the flow pattern: - Centripetal Radials - Centrifugal Radials - Dendritic - Trellis - Rectangular - Annular b. Lake Is a relatively deep basin, located on land and inundated by deep water large number. Several types of lakes:  Lake Tectonics Formed by tectonic processes such as folding, faulting, and movement earth skin  Volcanic lakes Formed from a crater or volcanic crater filled with water  Karst Lakes Formed due to the dissolution of limestone  Horseshoe Lake Formed due to the presence of cement in river meanders during river flow decrease  Artificial reservoirs/lakes Man-made by damming the river. c. Swamp Is a basin on land that is relatively shallow and flooded with water. Differentiated into:  Swamps Wetlands are always flooded with water  Mars Like Swamp, but dominated by mosses, grasses, and reeds  Bogs Wetlands where the soil surface is relatively dry, while in the ground wet and water saturated  Tidal Swamp The source of the water comes from the tides of sea water