Basic Concept of Education Planning

BASIC CONCEPT OF EDUCATION PLANNING A. The definition of planning according to several experts is as follows: 1. Louise E. Boone and David L. Kurtz (1984) that: planning may be defined as the process by which managers set objectives, assess the future, and develop a course of action designed to accomplish these objectives. What this means is that a leader makes goals that must be achieved, develops and does something that has been prepared so that he can achieve the goals he wants to achieve. 2. T. Hani Handoko (1995) stated that: "Planning is the selection or determination of organizational goals and determining the strategies, policies, projects, programs, procedures, methods, systems, budgets and standards needed to achieve the goals. Decision making is heavily involved in this function.” 3. Plato said that planning is the beginning is the most important part of the work. Planning is the beginning of every work that will be done. 4. Abdulrachman (1973), Planning is rational thinking based on facts and/or estimates as preparation for carrying out subsequent actions. 5. Siagian (1994), Planning is the entire process of thinking and determining carefully the things that will be done in the future in the context of predetermined achievements. 6. Terry (1975), Planning is selecting and connecting facts, making and using assumptions relating to the future by describing and formulating certain activities that are believed to be necessary to achieve a certain result. 7. Hadari Nawawi (1983:16) states that planning is a step in preparing a solution to a problem or carrying out work that is directed at achieving certain goals. 8. Garth N. Jone states that planning is a process. The process of selecting and developing an action that is best or most profitable to achieve a particular goal. 9. Mc. Farland states that planning is a management function. A leader can influence his subordinates to make changes to goals that must be achieved within a certain time. 10. W.H. Newman believes that planning is a decision that will be carried out for the future or a plan that is projected in an action. Several opinions above have provided definitions of planning from different points of view. This can lead to a conclusion that planning cannot be separated from a particular goal to be achieved, so that planning is a process of determining the expected goals with concrete methods to optimize the achievement of these goals. B. The definition of education according to several experts is as follows: 1. John Dewey, stated that education is a process of renewing the meaning of experience, this may occur in ordinary interactions or interactions between adults and young people, it may also occur deliberately and be institutionalized to produce social continuity. This process involves the supervision and development of the immature person and the group in which he or she lives. 2. Edgar Dalle that education is a conscious effort carried out by the family, community and government through guidance, teaching and training activities, which take place at school and outside school throughout life to prepare students to be able to play roles in various living environments in an integrated manner. remains for the future. 3. Ki Hajar Dewantara "Education is a requirement in the life of children's growth, as for what it means, education is to guide all the natural powers that exist in children, so that they as humans and as members of society can achieve the highest safety and happiness high." 4. M.J. Longeveled that education is an effort, influence, protection and assistance given to children so that they reach maturity, or more precisely, helping children to be competent enough to carry out their own life tasks. 5. Prof. Richey in his book 'Planning for teaching, an Introduction to Education' explains the term 'Education' regarding the broad function of maintaining and improving the life of a society, especially bringing new members of society (new generation) to fulfill their obligations and responsibilities in society. 6. Ibn Muqaffa (an Arab figure who lived in 106 H-143 H, author of the Books Kalilah and Daminah) said that: "Education is what we need to get something that will strengthen all our senses, such as food and drink, with what we need more to achieve a high civilization which is the sanctity of reason and spirituality." 7. Soekidjo Notoatmodjo (2003:16) Education in general is any planned effort to influence other people, whether individuals, groups or society, so that they do what is expected by educational practitioners. 8. Language Center Department of National Education (2002:263) Education is the process of changing the attitudes and behavior of a person or group of people in an effort to mature humans through teaching and training efforts, educational processes, methods and actions. 9. Republic of Indonesia Law no. 20 of 2003 (concerning the National Education System, article 1) Education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process so that students actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, noble morals, and skills needed by himself, society, nation and state. 10. Elisa et al (2001) stated that education widely known in society is education in the formal sense, namely education received by students through educators and usually carried out at an institution or institution. Overall, the definition of education given by experts refers to a conscious effort made by individuals to be able to know and obtain knowledge, whether from formal, nonformal or informal education. C. Definition of Educational Planning according to several experts as follows: 1. Ministry of National Education (2006) defines educational planning as a process of preparing a picture of future educational activities in order to achieve predetermined educational changes/goals. This definition states that planning is aimed at changing the future. The desired future of education is quality education which is handled in a structured and programmed manner through planning from the start so that the future is not the result of mere chance. 2. Coombs (1982), educational planning is a rational activity of systematic analysis of the educational development process with the aim of making education more effective and efficient. 3. Albert Waterston (1975), educational planning is a form of educational investment that can be carried out and development activities that are based on economic considerations and social costs and benefits. 4. Guruge (1972) educational planning is the process of preparing future activities in the field of educational development. 5. Beeby, C.E., educational planning is an effort to look into the future in terms of determining priority policies and educational costs that take into account the reality of existing activities in the economic, social and political fields to develop the potential of the national education system to meet the needs of the nation and students served by the system. 6. Y. Dror (1975), educational planning is a process of preparing a set of decisions for future activities directed at achieving goals in optimal ways for the overall economic and social development of a country. 7. Prof. Dr. Yusuf Enoch, educational planning is a process that prepares a set of alternative decisions for future activities that are directed at achieving goals with optimal effort and taking into account existing realities in the economic, socio-cultural and overall fields of a country. 8. Endang Sunarya, (2000:1) educational planning is a process of formulating policies and instruments as well as a technique for determining priorities, and is an integrated part of national development so that national educational goals can be achieved 9. Engkoswaran and Komariah (2010:132) educational planning is the process of making decisions relating to the goals to be achieved, the resources to be utilized, the techniques/methods chosen appropriately to carry out the actions that have been prepared so that their implementation can be carried out smoothly. effective and efficient. 10. Don Adam (1975), is a process of preparing a set of decisions for future activities directed at achieving goals in an optimal way for the overall economic and social development of a country. The understanding given by experts does have a different editorial, but the substance of this understanding has something in common, namely that educational planning is a process for determining the goals to be achieved, and the methods used to achieve these goals.