Basic Concepts of Management of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure

Basic Concepts of Management of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure One aspect that should receive primary attention by every education manager is educational facilities and infrastructure. Educational facilities and infrastructure in (Law Number 20 of 2003) Article 45 states (1) Every formal and non-formal education unit provides facilities and infrastructure that meet educational needs in accordance with the growth and development of participants' physical, intellectual, social, emotional and psychological potential. educate. Facilities and infrastructure are conditions required for teaching and learning activities to take place in educational units. This field of work is usually referred to as the field of public services which has the character of "Conditio Sine Qua Non" in the administration of educational units. Educational facilities generally include all equipment and supplies that are directly used and support the educational process, such as: Buildings, study rooms/classrooms, educational tools/media, tables, chairs and so on. Meanwhile, what is meant by infrastructure are facilities that indirectly support the course of the educational process, such as: courtyards, gardens/school parks, roads leading to school. Management of educational facilities and infrastructure in foreign terms is known as "school plant administration", which includes land, buildings, furniture and educational/school equipment. (Mamusung, 1991), (Bapadal, 2004), (Soetopo, 2000). Facilities and infrastructure management can be defined as organizing activities, starting from planning needs, procurement, inventory, storage, maintenance, use and disposal as well as arranging land, buildings, equipment and school furniture in an appropriate and targeted manner. The land or "site" in question is the location/location of land or land that has been carefully selected to build on the land/land a building or school building or educational institution (Engelhart NL, 1956). In fact, in a broader sense, this land also includes places for gardening, farming, raising livestock, as well as playing and sports as well as yards where ceremonies take place, and other activities as long as they are directly related to teaching and learning activities. Building or "Building" means all buildings or rooms that are deliberately erected on the land and used for educational purposes and to support the smooth teaching and learning process. Meanwhile, furniture and equipment here means movable and immovable objects and tools, which are used to support the smooth implementation of education. More specifically, what is meant by equipment is equipment used for carrying out teaching and learning activities, playing and working, such as stationery, drawing, sports, arts equipment, and also includes equipment: lighting, drinking and washing water, cooling, heating, and means of communication. Meanwhile, furniture or furniture, namely in the form of tables, chairs, stools, various kinds of educational boards, boxes and shelves and hangers. Basic Principles of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure Educational facilities and infrastructure, especially land, buildings and school equipment, should reflect the school's educational program or curriculum. Because the school buildings and equipment are provided based on the applicable curriculum or educational program, this compatibility allows the existing facilities to truly support the educational process. Management of building land and school equipment is the responsibility of the school principal. For this purpose, he needs to understand several basic principles in managing these facilities. The basic principles in carrying out this management are as follows: 1. Building grounds and school furniture must reflect the ideals and image of society as stated in the philosophy and goals of education. 2. Planning for building land and school furniture should be a reflection of shared desires and with the consideration of a team of experts who are quite capable in the community. 3. The building area and school furniture should be adapted and adequate for the interests of the students, in order to form their character and be able to serve and ensure that they study, work and play according to their individual talents. 4. Building land, and school furniture and tools should be adapted to educational needs originating from the interests and uses or benefits for children/students and teachers. 5. As the person in charge, you must be able to assist the school program effectively, train officers and choose the tools and how to use them so that they can adapt and carry out their duties in accordance with their function and profession. 6. A person in charge of a school must have the skills to know both qualitatively and quantitatively and to use the function of the building and its equipment appropriately. 7. As the person responsible, he must be able to maintain and use the building and surrounding land so that he can help create health, security, happiness and beauty as well as the progress of the school and community. 8. As the person in charge of the school, he is not only aware of the wealth of the school entrusted to him, but must pay attention to all the educational equipment needed by students. Types of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure Educational facilities and infrastructure can basically be grouped into four groups, namely land, buildings, equipment and school furniture (site, building, equipment and furniture). The types of educational facilities and infrastructure can be divided into physical and non-physical facilities (Ary Gunawan, 1996, p. 5). Physical facilities are anything in the form of inanimate or tangible objects that facilitate or expedite an activity such as typewriters, computers, furniture, educational props, study rooms, libraries, playgrounds, sports facilities, places of worship, toilets, canteens, UKS rooms and other necessary means. Non-physical facilities, namely regulations, rules, programs that support the teaching and learning process. Educational infrastructure includes: land, yards, fences, buildings, road networks, water, electricity, telephone, internet as well as furniture and infrastructure buildings. Infrastructure is educational environmental infrastructure to equip school buildings so that the school environment is safe, comfortable and healthy.