Development of Social Science Disciplines

DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES Social sciences have been developing for a long time, although the fields included in social sciences may not have been known by the same names in the past. In ancient times, for example, philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle studied how society functioned and how individuals in society interacted with each other. In the 19th century, the social sciences began to separate into more focused fields, such as sociology, anthropology, and social psychology. In the 20th century, social science continued to expand and encompass fields such as economics, history, and politics. Apart from that, social sciences have also developed more sophisticated research methods and have been able to produce discoveries that are beneficial to society. a. Development of social science in sociology Sociology is a field in social science that studies social structure, social interaction processes, and social change in society. Sociology has been developing for a long time, even though it was not initially known by the same name. In ancient times, philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle studied how society functions and how individuals in society interact with each other. In the 19th century, sociology began to separate into a more focused field, with figures such as Auguste Comte known as the "father of sociology" for making major contributions to the development of sociology. In the 20th century, sociology continued to develop and included various sub-fields, such as family sociology, communication sociology, and industrial sociology. Apart from that, sociology has also developed more sophisticated research methods and has been able to produce discoveries that are beneficial to society. b. Development of social science in anthropology Anthropology is a field in the social sciences that studies human culture and how this culture influences the behavior of individuals in society. Anthropology also studies how culture changes and develops. The development of anthropology began in the 19th century, with figures such as Lewis Henry Morgan who made major contributions to the development of anthropology. In the 20th century, anthropology continued to develop and included various subfields, such as cultural anthropology, social anthropology, and physical anthropology. Apart from that, anthropology has also developed more sophisticated research methods, such as field research and data analysis, and has been able to produce discoveries that are beneficial to society. c. Development of social sciences in history History is a field in social science that studies events in the past and how these events affect society today. History also studies how society changes and develops throughout history. The development of history began in ancient times, with figures such as Herodotus known as the "father of history" because he had made a major contribution to the development of history. In the 19th and 20th centuries, history continued to expand and encompass various subfields, such as national history, regional history, and thematic history. Apart from that, history has also developed more sophisticated research methods, such as archival research and data analysis, and has been able to produce discoveries that are beneficial to society. d. Development of social science in economics Economics is a field in social science that studies how individuals and groups in society make decisions about how limited resources are used. Economics also studies how decisions affect markets and how these markets affect society. Economic development began in the 18th century, with figures such as Adam Smith known as the "father of economics" because he had made a major contribution to economic development. In the 19th and 20th centuries, economics continued to develop and encompassed various sub-fields, such as microeconomics and macroeconomics. Apart from that, economics has also developed more sophisticated research methods, such as data analysis and experiments, and has been able to produce discoveries that are beneficial to society. e. Development of social science in psychology Psychology is a field in social science that studies how individuals think, feel and behave. Psychology also studies how internal and external factors influence the behavior of individuals. The development of psychology began in the 19th century, with figures such as Wilhelm Wundt known as the "father of psychology" because he had made major contributions to the development of psychology. In the 20th century, psychology continued to develop and encompassed various subfields, such as developmental psychology, social psychology, and clinical psychology. Apart from that, psychology has also developed more sophisticated research methods, such as experiments and data analysis, and has been able to produce discoveries that are beneficial to society. f. The development of social science in politics Politics is a field in social science that studies how political decisions are made, how power is maintained or transferred, and how relations between countries or between groups in society are established. Politics also studies how individuals and groups in society influence political decisions and how political decisions affect these individuals and groups. Political development began in ancient times, with figures such as Plato making major contributions to political development. In the 19th and 20th centuries, politics continued to develop and encompass various sub-fields, such as national politics, international politics, and regional politics. Apart from that, politics has also developed more sophisticated research methods, such as data analysis and experiments, and has been able to produce discoveries that are beneficial to society.