Basic Concepts of Science in Scientific Understanding

BASIC CONCEPTS OF SCIENCE IN SCIENTIFIC UNDERSTANDING Science is knowledge obtained through study and observation, which can be used to understand and explain natural and social phenomena. Science is a collection of systematically organized concepts, principles, theories and methods used to explain and understand phenomena in this world. Science is also a source of information that is believed to be true and can be tested scientifically. There are many fields of science, such as natural sciences, social sciences, technological sciences, medical sciences, financial sciences, and others. The following are some concepts related to science: 1) Objective: Science must have a clear and measurable objective, namely to understand and explain phenomena in this world. 2) Factual: Science must be based on facts whose truth can be tested. 3) Methodical: Science must have a systematic and organized method for collecting and analyzing data. 4) Critical: Science must be able to evaluate and recheck existing hypotheses and theories to ensure their truth. 5) Systematic: Science must have an organized and orderly structure, consisting of various interrelated principles, theories and methods. 6) Open: Science must be able to continue to develop and follow the latest developments in its field, as well as accept new ideas and test their truth. 7) Objective: Science must be free from personal bias or particular interests, and must follow objective scientific principles. The following are some methods commonly used in science: 1) Observation: This method involves direct observation of phenomena that are occurring. Observations can be made directly or through tools such as microscopes, telescopes, or cameras. 2) Experiment: This method involves observing the changes that occur in a system after changes are introduced into the system. Experiments must have clear controls to ensure that the changes that occur are caused only by changes introduced into the system, and not other factors. 3) Data analysis: This method involves collecting and processing the data that has been collected, then analyzing the data to draw conclusions. Data analysis can use various techniques such as statistics, mathematics, or data visualization. 4) Field research: This method involves observing and collecting data directly in the field, namely where the phenomenon you want to research occurs. Field research can be carried out in various ways such as observation, interviews, or case studies. 5) Laboratory research: This method involves observing and collecting data in a laboratory, which is a place that has conditions that can be controlled and regulated according to research needs. Laboratory research can be carried out using experiments or data analysis. a. Science as systematic knowledge Science can be defined as knowledge obtained through study and observation, which is systematically organized and has a clear goal of understanding and explaining phenomena in this world. Science has an orderly structure and consists of various interrelated principles, theories and methods. Science must also be based on verifiable facts, and have systematic and organized methods for collecting and analyzing data. Science must also be able to evaluate and recheck existing hypotheses and theories to ensure their truth. There are many fields of science, such as natural sciences, social sciences, technological sciences, medical sciences, financial sciences, and others. Science is knowledge that is organized systematically and structured. Science consists of various concepts, principles, theories and methods that are interrelated and used to understand and explain phenomena in this world. Science also has a clear goal, namely to understand and explain phenomena in this world in a systematic and organized way. Science requires systematic and methodical research to collect and analyze data, as well as evaluate and recheck existing hypotheses and theories to ensure their truth. Science also continues to develop and follow the latest developments in its field, as well as accepting new ideas and testing their truth. b. Science as a research method Science is also a systematic and structured research method. Science has principles and methods used to collect and analyze data systematically, as well as evaluate and recheck existing hypotheses and theories to ensure their truth. Scientific research methods include various stages, such as formulating research problems, collecting relevant data, analyzing data systematically, and drawing conclusions supported by data. Science also requires honesty and integrity in the research process, and must be able to avoid personal bias or certain interests. Apart from that, science also requires cooperation and collaboration between scientists to ensure the truth and accuracy of the research carried out. Science must also be open and accept criticism and suggestions from other scientists to continue to develop and improve its research methods. c. Science as research activity Science is a systematic and structured research activity. Science has principles and methods used to collect and analyze data systematically, as well as evaluate and recheck existing hypotheses and theories to ensure their truth. Science also requires honesty and integrity in the research process, and must be able to avoid personal bias or certain interests. Apart from that, science also requires cooperation and collaboration between scientists to ensure the truth and accuracy of the research carried out. Science must also be open and accept criticism and suggestions from other scientists to continue to develop and improve its research methods. Science is also an activity that continues to develop and follows the latest developments in its field, as well as accepting new ideas and testing their truth.