Projection of Needs in Educational Planning

PROJECTION OF NEEDS IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING A. Educational Planning Guruge (In Sa'ud & Makmun, 2018, p. 8) explains that educational planning is the process of preparing future activities in the field of educational development which is the task of educational planning. Coombs (In Sa'ud & Makmun, 2018, p. 8) states that educational planning is a rational application of systematic analysis of the educational development process with the aim of making education more effective and efficient and in accordance with the needs and goals of students and society. Conceptually, according to Sa'ud & Makmun (2018, p. 10), educational planning is very much determined by the method, nature and process of decision making so that there are many components involved in it. Educational planning is an activity to look at the future in terms of determining education policies, priorities and costs by considering economic, social and political realities to develop the country's education system and the students served by that system. Educational planning according to Rusdiana & Nasihudin (2019, p. 30) is a decision taken to take action over a certain period of time (in accordance with the planning period) in order to make the education system more effective and efficient, as well as produce graduates who are of higher quality and relevant to needs. development. Educational planning uses rational and systematic analysis in the process, this concerns methodology in planning which has developed into various quite complex approaches such as social demand, man power, cost benefit, strategic and comprehensive approaches. In this research, the planning approach that will be used is the social demand approach. B. Social Demand Approach (Social Needs Approach) Guruge (In Sa'ud & Makmun, 2018, p. 234) stated that the social needs approach is a traditional approach to educational development by providing institutions and facilities to meet the pressure to enter schools and enable the provision of opportunities to fulfill the wishes of students and their parents. freely. Sa'ud & Makmun (2018, p. 234) say that this approach emphasizes equality of opportunity or quantitative rather than qualitative aspects, so basic education is the main priority that must be given to every elementary school age child by analyzing it using a social needs approach. In this approach, the analysis used is to analyze population growth, participation in education (calculating the percentage of the population attending school), the flow of students from first class to higher class and from one level to a higher level of education, the choices or desires of society from individuals regarding types of education. Rusdiana & Nasihudin (2019, p. 47) explain that educational planning that uses a social needs approach is called a traditional approach. This is because the focus or goals to be achieved in this social needs approach emphasize: • achieving the fulfillment of the needs or demands of all individuals for basic education services; • providing learning services to free the school age population from illiteracy; • providing educational services to free people from the fear of colonialism, ignorance and poverty. Several things that need to be considered in the social needs approach in designing educational planning include carrying out the following analysis: • population growth; • the level of participation of community members in the implementation of education; • dynamics or movement (mobility) of students from elementary school to tertiary level, for example grade promotion, graduation and dropout; • interests or desires of community members regarding the types of teaching and educational services needed, and what education can provide in schools; • Teaching and education personnel who are needed and can be used optimally in the educational service process; • the relationship between the output of an educational unit and the demands of society or social needs in society. C. Projection Concept Projection according to Matin (2013, p. 101) is an activity of estimating a condition in the future based on data and information in the past and present. This is different from estimates called forecasting which usually do not use or do not require data on past developments but prioritize spiritual aspects, intuition and trial and error. In making projections, Matin (2013, p. 101) gives the example of projecting the population situation for the next five years, we must first have data on population development in the past and present, by looking for past population growth trends in percentage form. This percentage figure will then be used as a multiplier coefficient for population data for the last year of data and for subsequent years that have not yet occurred in the future. Population projection activities according to Matin (2013, p. 102) are an attempt to estimate the population in the future by taking into account past and present population data, especially those related to trends or growth tendencies. In population projection activities, many use statistical formulas, and will produce data and information in the form of graphs about future population growth for each year, including the trend of population increase from year to year. The average level of population development is an important basis in demographic problems. This data is very useful and can help educational planners in carrying out population projections. Matin (2013, p. 127) explains that projections of educational facilities and infrastructure must also be carried out to accommodate the school age population which is increasing every year and is estimated to increase according to calculations of population projections and student projections. The projection of facilities and infrastructure in this case is an outline which must be detailed further based on the minimum standards for school facilities that apply in a particular country or region. Projections of school building and classroom needs can be done by calculating the level of school service and the ratio of study groups to classrooms.