University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
CHEM 100 | Principles of Chemistry
Academic year:

2024
Views:

368

Pages:

2
Author:

Jordan N.

DEFENITION OF CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates composed of the elements C (carbon), H (hydrogen) and O (oxygen) with the ration number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms 2:1 like in water molecules. Carbohydrates or charcoal hydrate are a nutrient whose main function is to produce energy, where each gram produces 4 calories. In developing countries, carbohydrates are consumed around 70-80% of total calories, even in poor areas it can reach 90%. Meanwhile, in developed countries, carbohydrates are consumed only around 40-60%. Food sources containing carbohydrates are cheaper than food sources rich in fat or protein. Carbohydrates or saccharides are a large class of organic compounds that are most abundant on earth. In photosytensis, carbohydrates get from carbon dioxide that converted by green plants. Carbohydrates contain a carbonyl functional group (as an aldehyde or ketone) and many hydroxyl groups. Initially, the term carbohydrate was used for a class of compounds that had the formula (CH2O)n, namely compounds whose n carbon atoms appeared to be hydrated by n water molecules. Monosaccharide is simplest form of carbohydrate that consist of one simple sugar such as glucose, galactose and fructose. Polysachride is carbohydrates that composed by the sugar molecules and linked into long cains and can be branched. Meanwhile, disaccharides is form by two monosaccharides and oligosaccharides which form by several monosaccharides.Carbohydrates are a large group of compounds generally called sugars, starches, and cellulose (which are all is sugar or sugar polymer). By breaking sugar down into carbon dioxide and water, living organisms can release the energy locked within them to use for energy needs. One of our three staple foods is carbohydrates that produced by chlorophyll plants with the help of sunlight. Humans and animals obtain carbohydrates from certain parts of plants. The general definition of carbohydrates is an organic compound that contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, and in general the elements hydrogen and oxygen in the composition produce H2O76. In the body carbohydrates can be formed from several amino acids and some from fat glycerol. However, most carbohydrates are obtained from food consumed daily, especially food sources that come from plants. In vegetable, the carbohydrates can found in a form of glycogen is only found in muscle and liver and carbohydrates in the form of lactose are only found in milk. Meanwhile, to get carbohydrates in plants it get form the reaction of CO2 and H2O through the process of photosynthesis in plant cells that contain green leaves (chlorophyll). The sun is the source of all life, without the sun no signs of life will be found. Photosynthesis reactions in sunlight: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12 O6 + 6 O2 Chlorophyll in plants will absorb and use solar energy to form carbohydrates with the main ingredients being CO2 from the air and water (H2O) from the soil. The chemical energy formed will be stored in the leaves, stems, tubers, fruit and seeds.