Understanding Basic Sentence Types - Exercises and Answer Key

E X ERC I SE AN SWE R K EY EX–29 6. students study NP MVP present + study diligently ADVP 7. people consider NP MVP present + consider Ophelia NP during the last week of classes ADVP the prettier sister NP Sometimes ADVP Generally ADVP CHAPTER 7 – FIVE BASIC SENTENCE TYPES Exercise 7.1 This is a good exercise for class discussion. You might have students collect answers and categorize them into groups. We suggest below the alternatives we have thought of. If two phrases appear on one line, both seem to us to be required. 1. angry (ADJP) a liar (NP) at school (ADVP) 5. the golfers (NP) 6. No complement required. 7. salty (ADJP) 2. forcefully (ADVP) a bystander (NP) 8. cereal (NP) 3. happy (ADJP) a nuisance (NP) at home (ADVP) 9. the street (NP) carefully (ADVP) 4. the consequences (NP) football (NP) exciting (ADJP) football (NP) good exercise (NP) 10. beautiful (ADJP) to the future (ADVP) Exercise 7.2 Doing this exercise in class provides an opportunity to monitor the students’ understanding of the pattern. 1. Subject Jack NP Type 1 Predicate stands MVP on that corner ADVP every morning ADVP 2. Subject Jennifer NP Not Type 1 Predicate is MVP polite ADJP to old people ADVP always ADVP EX–30 E X ER CI SE A N SW ER K EY 3. Subject The children NP Not Type 1 Predicate baked MVP a cake NP for their grandfather’s birthday ADVP 4. Subject a swallow NP Not Type 1 Predicate built MVP its nest NP under my roof ADVP Predicate have drowned MVP in that shallow lake ADVP 5. Subject Inexperienced campers NP Type 1 6. Subject Jill NP Type 1 Predicate waited MVP anxiously ADVP for her children ADVP 7. Subject The explosion NP Not Type 1 Predicate released MVP deadly gas NP into the atmosphere ADVP Exercise 7.3 1. 2. Last spring ADVP During the storm ADVP EX ERC I SE A N SW ER KEY 3. Exercise 7.4 1 2. 3. EX–31 4. EX–32 EX ER CI SE A N SW ER K EY 4. Exercise 7.5 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. well jealous delicious quietly terrible Exercise 7.6 1. 2. 4. (Type I, adverbial modifier) (Type III, adjectival complement) (Type III, adjectival complement) (Type I, adverbial modifier) (Type III, adjectival complement) EX ERC IS E AN S WER KEY EX–33 4. Exercise 7.7 1. The frog [NP1] became [MVP] a prince [NP1] before the astonished audience [ADVP]. 2. My great grandmother [NP1] gave [MVP] my aunt [NP2]a beautiful coral ring [NP3]. 3. A hike into the hills [NP1] seemed [MVP] the perfect exercise [NP1] after our hearty lunch [ADVP]. 4. The Mona Lisa [NP1] is [MVP] Leonardo's most famous work [NP1] probably [ADVP]. 5. The travelers [NP1] requested [MVP] a comfortable bed [NP2]after their long day of driving [ADVP]. Exercise 7.8 1. 2. 3. EX–34 EX ER CI SE A N SW ER K EY 4. Exercise 7.9 Doing this exercise in class provides an opportunity to monitor the students’ understanding of the pattern. 1. Subject Predicate This software was the best accounting program NP MVP NP SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + (ADVPtime) 2. Subject Predicate That paint looks NP MVP SIII = NP + MV link + ADJP at one time ADVP too dark for this room ADJP 3. Subject Predicate The highway turns along the river NP MVP ADVP SI = NP + MV int + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace) towards the coast ADVP 4. Subject Predicate The fruit trees lay dormant NP MVP ADJP SIII = NP + MV link + ADJP + (ADVP time) all winter ADVP 5. Subject Predicate A Nile River Cruise has been James's dream NP MVP NP SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 + (ADVPtime) for the past ten years ADVP Exercise 7.10 1. Type I verbs can stand alone without any complement. 2. Outdoors is a complement required by the verb in (b); it is an optional modifier in (e). 3. Type III complements are adjectival; Type V complements are nominal. 4. In (d), the second noun phrase (a family member) refers to the subject (cat), but in (e), the second noun phrase (a cat) does not refer to the subject. 5. The presence of a second noun phrase that names something new distinguishes Type V sentences. E X ERC I SE AN SWE R K EY EX–35 Exercise 7.11 Direct objects are in parentheses. 1. Subject Predicate The jeweler repaired NP MVP SV = NP1 + MVtr + NP 2 (our ring) NP 2. Subject Bob NP SIV = NP1 + MVlink a model NP for his teammates ADVP 3. Subject Predicate Our first glimpse of the sea NP SIV = NP 1 + MVlink + NP1 was MVP a breath taking view NP 4. Subject Predicate The innkeeper suggested NP MVP SV = NP1 + MVtr + NP 2 (a nearby Italian restaurant ) NP 5. Subject A cleaning service NP SIV = NP 1 + MVlink a frivolous expense NP Exercise 7.12 1. 2. Predicate became MVP + NP1 + ADVP Predicate seems MVP + NP1 + ADVP nowadays ADVP EX–36 EX ER CI SE A N SW ER KE Y 3. 4. 5. Exercise 7.13 This exercise works best as part of class discussion. Examples are suggested here for comparison with students’ answers. 1. useful (ADJP) a challenge (NP) 2. foolish (ADJP) a fool (NP) 3. hot (ADJP) 4. man of the year (NP) 5. comfortable (ADJP) a showplace (NP) EX ERC IS E AN S WER KEY EX–37 Exercise 7.14 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Type V – hot [adjectival object complement] Type V – queen [nominal object complement] Type V – too delicious for words [adjectival object complement] Type I – No object complement. Type V – company attorney [nominal object complement] Type V – smarter than Marylou [adjectival object complement] Exercise 7.15 1. The magnificent twenty-five-pound Thanksgiving Turkey that Ina had roasted with loving care NP slipped MVP from the meat platter ADVP onto the floor ADVP before all the assembled guests. ADVP SI = NP + MV int + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace) + (ADVPplace) 2. Lights from the country inn, almost hidden in a grove of trees, NP welcomed MVP the weary travelers, who hoped to spend the night there. NP SV = NP 1 + MVtr + NP2 3. The old oak tree with an enormous lightning scar running down its northern side NP appears MVP healthier than many of the unscarred trees in the same area. ADJP SIII = NP + MV link + ADJP 4. Mary’s math professor, who had refused to offer a make-up of the mid-term exam, NP relented MVP finally ADVP when half the school came down with bronchitis. ADVP SI = NP + MV int + (ADVPtm) + (ADVPtm) 5. Many of this countr y’s poorest immigrants NP have become MVP extremely successful citizens whose contributions to the nation have benefitted us all. NP SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP 1 EX–38 EX ER CI SE A NSW ER KEY Exercise 7.16 Here are two examples of how students might investigate the possible uses of each verb. grow I II III IV V The child grew. – The child grew strong. *The child grew a man. (Grow can’t replace become in Type IV sentences like The child became a man.) The child grew marigolds. read I II III IV V That romantic novel reads quickly. (But in prototypical Type I sentences, adverbial modifiers are optional. Quickly doesn’t seem to be optional: ?That romantic novel reads.) Bill reads incessantly. (Although incessantly does seem to be optional, the meaning of read seems to require the presence of at least an understood object: one can’t read without something to read. In this use, read is one of the pseudo-intransitives discussed earlier.) – *Bill reads happy/strong/tall. *Bill [NP 1] read a successful investor [NP1]. Bill reads mystery novels. Review Exercise Subject Complement 1. Sampson — became — [rather bratty] — yesterday. SIII = NP + MV link + ADJP + (ADVP tm) EX ERC I SE AN SW ER K EY 2. The foreign students — leave — tomorrow. SI = NP + MV int + (ADVPtm) 3. His tools — are — in the old shack. SII = NP + MV be + ADVPpl Direct Object 4. The assigned reading — fostered — [many interesting questions]. SV = NP1 + MV tr + NP2 5. Our best bowl — is — on the top shelf. SII = NP + MV be + ADVPpl EX–39 EX–40 6. Her father — talks — incessantly. SI = NP + MV int + (ADVPman) Subject Complement 7. Jill — remained — [a desk clerk]. SIV = NP1 + MVlink + NP1 Direct Object 8. This old house — needs — [a new paint job]. SV = NP1 + MV tr + NP2 EX ER CI SE A N SW ER KE Y