Chapter 11 – Nonfinite Verb Phrases - I

EX ERC I SE AN SWER K EY EX–61 CHAPTER 11 – NONFINITE VERB PHRASES - I Exercise 11.1 1. 2. 3. 4. The mayor ordered the police to arrest the vandals immediately. Alicia de Larrocha prefers to perform on a Steinway piano. To jump off the bridge using a long bungie chord is really quite exciting. She wants him to buy her long-stemmed red roses. Exercise 11.2 1. To travel alone is the direct object of prefer. Laticia [NP 1] travels [MV int] alone [ADVP] = Type I 2. To buy a used car without driving it is the subject of can lead. Someone [NP1] buys [MV tr] a used car [NP2] without driving it [ADVP] = Type V 3. Her to demonstrate the new computer program is the direct object of encouraged. She [NP1] demonstrates [MV tr] the new computer program [NP2] = Type V 4. To be in Peru before Friday is a subject complement. She [NP1] is [MV be] in Peru [ADVPplace] before Friday [ADVP] = Type II 5. To surprise Grandma with exotic jewels is the direct object of loved. Granddad [NP1] surprises [MV tr] Grandma [NP 2] with exotic jewels [ADVP] = Type V Exercise 11.3 This exercise can be done individually or in small groups before class discussion. Observe how meaning is affected if you delete the subject of an infinitive or, in cases where the infinitive has the same subject as the main clause, if you introduce a separate subject for the infinitive. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Cast members sing in the chorus for Phantom of the Opera. The outfield hotdog vender entertains his customers. Minerva writes one more term paper. The entire membership of the accounting club votes in favor of raising dues. Her mother eats yet another box of Mrs. See’s chocolates. Dr. Kline asks for a larger salary. My friends attend the opening of a new show at the Metropolitan Museum. Everyone obtains tickets to the playoffs. Exercise 11.4 1. The university community values its history. MVtr + NP2 = Type V 2. The airline lets [something]. MVtr + NP2 = Type V My parents fly first class. MVint + ADVP = Type I EX–62 EX ER CI SE A NSW ER K EY 3. The summer interns become set designers and studio musicians. MVlink + NP1 = Type IV 4. The entire group floats weightlessly in a space cruiser 250km above the earth. MVint + ADVP + ADVP + ADVP = Type I 5. More than 100 bald eagles nest on the cliffs. MVint + ADVP = Type I 6. [You or someone] buys designer clothes for less [somewhere]. MVtr + NP2 + ADVP + ADVP = Type V 7. The philosopher is in his own home at last. MVbe + ADVPplace + ADVPtime = Type II Exercise 11.5 This exercise can be done individually or in small groups before class discussion. 1. to become a veterinarian Nominal, subject complement – Test #1: The dream of her childhood have been something. Test #2: What had been the dream of her childhood? 2. to tutor children in reading and math Adverbial – Test #1: Why was the school district hiring college students? Test #2: To tutor children in reading and math, the school district was hiring college students. Test #3: The school district was hiring college students in order to tutor children in reading and math. 3. to be the first-place winner in the amateur butter sculpting competition Nominal, object complement – Test #1: Governor Wilson declared Martin something. Test #2: What did Governor Wilson declare Martin? 4. to end all wars Adjectival – Test #1: My grandfather always referred to World War I as “the war that would end all wars.” Test #2: Modifies the war. 5. to bring his feuding parents together Adjectival – Test #1: ?Allen’s efforts that were to bring his feuding parents together always seemed to make things worse. Test #2: Modifies Allen’s efforts. them to reunite Nominal, direct object – Test #1: Allen’s efforts to bring his feuding parents together never enabled something. Test #2: What did Allen’s efforts to bring his feuding parents together never enable? Review Exercise 1. to honor their retiring coach = adverbial infinitive phrase (Why did they sponsor a dinner? To honor their retiring coach, they sponsored a dinner. They sponsored a dinner in order to honor their retiring coach.) 2. to clock each turtle as it crossed the finish line = nominal infinitive phrase, subject complement (Barbara’s job was something. What was Barbara’s job?) 3. to fear of heights = prepositional phrase to take a medication before engaging in bungie jumping = nominal infinitive phrase, direct object ( James planned something. What did James plan?) EX ERC IS E AN SW ER KEY EX–63 4. to fly to Bangkok = adjectival infinitive phrase (My ticket, which was to fly to Bangkok .... Modifies my ticket.) to Bangkok = prepositional phrase to change planes = adverbial infinitive phrase (Why did my ticket include a stop in Tokyo? To change planes, my ticket included a stop in Tokyo. My ticket included a stop in Tokyo in order to change planes.) 5. to ensure lots of roses this year = adverbial infinitive phrase (Why ought you to add fertilizer? You ought to add fertilizer to ensure lots of roses this year. In order to ensure lots of roses this year, you ought to add fertilizer.) to add fertilizer to the soil = neither an infinitive phrase nor a prepositional phrase (Ought to functions as a modal auxiliary similar in meaning to should. Add is therefore the Main Verb, fertilizer its direct object, and to the soil a prepositional phrase functioning as an adverbial modifier. See discussion in last section of chapter 11.) to the soil = prepositional phrase 6. to start a landscaping service = nominal infinitive phrase, direct object (Mel decided something. What did Mel decide?) 7. to work = prepositional phrase (Work is a noun here, not a verb.) to go = adjectival infinitive phrase (Modifies coffee.) 8. to Mars = prepositional phrase to be self sufficient = nominal infinitive phrase, direct object (The immigrants will need something. What will the immigrants need?) CHAPTER 12 – NONFINITE VERB PHRASES - II Exercise 12.1 1. 2. 3. 4. The Senator [NP 1] has served [MV tr] eight terms in Congress [NP2] = Type V Margaret [NP1] planned [MV tr] her first solo flight in a single-engine plane [NP2] = Type V Margaret [NP1] practiced [MV tr] simulated flight on her computer [NP2] = Type V Douglas [NP1] quickly dominated [MVtr] his opponent [NP2] = Type V Exercise 12.2 A. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Alarming = adjective: a very alarming idea; an even more alarming idea; the idea was very alarming. Winning = participle: * a very winning team; *a more/most winning team; *the team was very winning. Governing = participle: *a very governing board; *a more/most governing board; *the board was very governing. Thrilling = adjective: a very thrilling story; a rather thrilling story; the story was very thrilling. Promising = adjective: a very promising solution; a more/most promising solution; the solution was very promising. Growing = participle: *a very growing population; *a more/most growing population; *the population was very growing. 6. Dining = participle: *a very dining club; *a more/most dining club; *the clubs were very dining.