U5: Becoming and Industrial World Power

APUSH READING GUIDE: U5: Becoming and Industrial World Power CHAPTERS 22-26 Hello! I belong to: Name______________________________________ American Pageant Ch. 22 Reading Guide: The Industrial Era Dawns, 1865 - 1900 Per_________ Due Date_______ Target # 1: I can Identify examples of political corruption and social discrimination, list causes to the beginnings of the rise of American Big Industry, and explain how population and industrial growth transformed cities and the Western Frontier. Target # 2: I can explain (using historical thinking skills) examples of how the U.S. government (city, state, & federal) saw corruption within its ranks; Analyze (using historical thinking skills) how American industry shaped cities, the workforce, and the Western Frontier, and explain various responses to the rise and power of U.S. Big Business. Big Ideas: o o o o o Key industries sprang up that accelerated America’s growth to an industrial power: railroad, steel, oil, banking U.S. Government took a “hands off” approach (laissez faire) in interference with the U.S. economy Wage-earning jobs attracted farmers and immigrants into U.S. cities to work in dangerous factories for long hours of the day performing a low-skilled, repetitive task Concerns about worker treatment led to the formation of America’s first major labor unions; however, strikes in the 1800s saw little success Early attempts by the government to ‘crack down’ on Big Business saw little success in controlling the monopolies that had grown over time Prediction Statement (50 words or less): What is one prediction you have about what you will learn based on the big ideas above? Key Questions: 22.1 The Iron Colt Becomes an Iron Horse IDs: Land grants, Transcontinental Railway Act 1. In addition to loans, how did the government assist railroad companies in developing the transcontinental railroad, AND... why was this effort so important to the government? 22.2 Spanning the Continent with Rails IDs: Credit Mobilier 2. How did the government motivate railway companies to build the transcontinental railroad? 3. What was the Credit Mobilier Scandal? 22.3 Binding the Country with Railroad Ties IDs: Union Pacific, Central Pacific 4. Although the second half of the 19th century saw great economic growth largely thanks to the large rail network, what, according to the text, formed the sordid side of railroad construction? Name______________________________________ 22.4 & 22.5 Railroad Consolidation and Mechanization + Revolution by Railways IDs: Time Zones, 5. Briefly describe the impact of the railroad in the following areas: A. Industry B. Development of cities C. Immigration D. Environment 22.6 & 22.7 Wrongdoing in Railroad + Government Bridles the Iron Horse IDs: Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific RR, Interstate Commerce Commission/Act 6. Briefly explain the shortcomings of the following attempts to “reel in” the power of the rail companies: A. Illinois v Wabash, St. Louis, & Pacific RR B. Interstate Commerce Commission/Act 7. What successes/changes resulted from such attempts to “corral” the power of the railroads? 22.8 Miracles of Mechanization IDs: Interchangeable parts, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison 8. How did the following concepts contribute to the rapid industrial growth seen in the U.S. during the late 19th century? (Hint: consider cause & effect) A. Foreign Investment B. Innovations in transportation C. Immigration D. Patents 22.9 The Trust Titan Emerges IDs: Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan, Vertical Integration, Horizontal Integration, Trust 9. Briefly define/describe the following methods used by Big Business to short circuit competition & reap greater profits: A. Vertical Integration B. Horizontal Integration/Trust C. Interlocking Directorates Per_________ Due Date_______ Name______________________________________ 22.10 & 22.11 The Supremacy of Steel + Carnegie and Other Sultans of Steel IDs: Bessemer Process, Andrew Carnegie, JP Morgan 10. How did the Bessemer process ignite the steel industry? 11. Describe Carnegie and JP Morgan’s role in the evolution of the steel industry. 22.12 Rockefeller Grows an American Beauty Rose IDs: Rockefeller, Standard Oil 12. How did Rockefeller’s business practices differ from that of Carnegie? 22.13 The Gospel of Wealth IDs: Social Darwinism, “Gospel of Wealth” 13. How did the concept of Social Darwinism become a roadblock for social reform? 14. How did Carnegie’s “Gospel of Wealth” vision make him somewhat unique among the Big Industrialist class? 22.14 Government Tackles the Trust Evil IDs: Sherman Antitrust Act 15. Why could the Sherman Antitrust Act be considered another failure to ‘rein” in Big Business’...AND… What, if any, success came from this attempt? 22.15 The South in the Age of Industry 16. What obstacles did the ‘New South’ face in its attempt to become more industrialized? Per_________ Due Date_______ Name______________________________________ 22.16 The Impact of the New Industrial Revolution on America 17. Briefly discuss the benefits AND problems associated with the following elements of U.S. industrialization: A. Concept of time B. Impact on women C. Distribution of wealth 22.17 In Unions There is Strength IDs: Scabs, Lockout, Yellow dog contract, Blacklist, Company Town 18. What were some of the ‘weapons’ that employers had in their arsenal to combat the threat of union strength? 22.18 Labor Limps Along IDs: National Labor Union, Knights of Labor 19. How did labor unions attempt to support and organize labor? 22.19 Unhorsing the Knights of Labor IDs: Haymarket Square 20. What impact did Haymarket Square have on the labor movement? 21. What were some of the negatives that organized labor, such as the Knights, had to contend with? 22.20 The AF of L to the Fore IDs: American Federation of Labor (AFL), Closed Shop, Samuel Gompers 22. What role did Samuel Gompers play in the development of unions? Summary Exit Ticket: Per_________ Due Date_______ Name______________________________________ Cause/Effect (3 parts): Per_________ Due Date_______ #1) Analyze ONE factor that led to industrial growth in America from the period of 1865-1900. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #2) Analyze ONE positive (social, political, economic) effect of industrial growth in America from the period of 1865-1900. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #3) Analyze ONE negative (social, political, economic) effect of industrial growth in America from the period of 1865-1900. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ American Pageant Ch. 23 Reading Guide: Per_________ Political Paralysis in the Gilded Age, 1869 - 1896 Due Date_______ Target # 1: I can Identify examples of political corruption and social discrimination, list causes to the beginnings of the rise of American Big Industry, and explain how population and industrial growth transformed cities and the Western Frontier. Target # 2: I can explain (using historical thinking skills) examples of how the U.S. government (city, state, & federal) saw corruption within its ranks; Analyze (using historical thinking skills) how American industry shaped cities, the workforce, and the Western Frontier, and explain various responses to the rise and power of U.S. Big Business. Big Ideas: o o o o o Political and economic differences between the North & South continued long after the Civil War...often leading to major political clashes in Congress and presidential elections. Political/economic scandals of the era showed just how corruption tainted politics, and the lengths Big Business would go to assure and increase profits. The emergence of an industrial economy & society saw an increase in tensions among social classes and ethnicities. The Populist movement, which paved the way for the successful Progressive movement of the 1900s, confronted economic tensions and the stranglehold Big Business had on the government. Despite attempts at political reform, Big Business still dominated political decisions. Prediction Statement (50 words or less): What is one prediction you have about what you will learn based on the big ideas above? Key Questions: 23.1 The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant IDs: Ulysses S. Grant, “The Bloody Shirt” 1. What is meant by “Waving the Bloody Shirt” ... AND... what important group of voters gave Grant his presidential victory in 1868? 23.2 & 23.3 The Era of ‘Good Stealings’ + A Carnival of Corruption IDs: Jim Fisk & Jay Gould, Black Friday, Boss Tweed, Graft, Thomas Nast 2. Briefly explain the following examples of corruption that plagued post-war America in the 1860s and 1870s: A. Fisk & Gould Gold Scandal (1869) B. Tweed Ring (1870) C. Credit Mobilier (1872) D. Whiskey Ring (1874) Name______________________________________ 23.4 The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872 IDs: Horace Greeley 3. What role did Liberal Republicans and Horace Greeley play in “cleansing” the Republican Party? 23.5 Depression, Deflation, & Inflation IDs: Panic of 1873, Greenbacks, Soft money 4. Briefly explain the following: A. What caused the Panic of 1873? B. For what reasons did the cry ‘paperback’ currency (as well as silver) ... AND … were these pleas successful? 23.6 Pallid Politics in the Gilded IDs: Gilded Age, patronage, Grand Army of the Republic, Stalwarts 5. What demographics did the Democratic Party lean on for votes? 6. What groups did the Republican Party lean on for votes? 7. Briefly explain the patronage (spoils system) as it applied to Gilded Age politics. 23.7 & 23.8 The Hayes-Tilden Standoff + The Compromise of 1877 & the End of Reconstruction IDs: Compromise of 1877, Electoral Count Act 8. How did the “Compromise” of 1877 cause the collapse of the Reconstruction Era? Per_________ Due Date_______ Name______________________________________ 23.9 The Birth of Jim Crow in the PostReconstruction South IDs: Redeemers, sharecropping, Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson 9. Following the subsequent end of Reconstruction in 1877, how did the South enact political and economic restraints on the rights of African Americans? 23.10 Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes IDs: Great Railroad Strike of 1877, Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) 10. Why do you think the government supported the railroad owners more than the railroad workers during the strike of 1877? 11. Why did Congress pass the ¨Chinese Exclusion Act” (1882)? 23.11 Garfield and Arthur IDs: James A. Garfield, Charles J. Guiteau, Chester A. Arthur, Pendleton Act of 1883 12. Although a tragedy, what positive change resulted from President Garfield’s assassination? 13. Without patronage dollars, where did politicians turn for the ¨mother’s milk¨ of their campaigns? 23.12 & 23.13 The Blaine-Cleveland Mudslingers of 1884 + “Old Grover” Takes Over 14. How did the following issues challenge Grover Cleveland in his Presidency? A. Texas Farmers B. Civil Service Reform C. Military Pensions Per_________ Due Date_______ Name______________________________________ 23.14 Cleveland Battles for a Lower Tariff IDs: Tariffs, Election of 1888 15. Briefly analyze why Pres. Cleveland “doomed” himself in the coming election...making him the first president to be voted out in nearly 50 years? Per_________ Due Date_______ Name______________________________________ Summary Exit Ticket: Per_________ Due Date_______ Periodization/Contextualization (Cartoon Analysis) #1) Briefly explain the cartoonist’s message in the cartoon above. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #2) Briefly explain, using an historical example, that contributed to the perspective expressed in the cartoon. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #3) Briefly explain ANOTHER example that contributed to the perspective expressed in the cartoon. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ American Pageant Ch. 24 Reading Guide: Per_________ America Moves to the City, 1865 - 1900 Due Date_______ Learning Targets: Target #1: I can Identify examples of political corruption and social discrimination, list causes to the beginnings of the rise of American Big Industry, and explain how population and industrial growth transformed cities and the Western Frontier. Target #2: I can explain (using historical thinking skills) examples of how the U.S. government (city, state, & federal) saw corruption within its ranks; Explain (using historical thinking skills) how American industry shaped cities, the workforce, and the Western Frontier, and explain various responses to the rise and power of U.S. Big Business. Big Ideas: o o o o Immigrants and farmers moved to cities on a massive scale as a result of industrialization in America Mass immigration took its toll on cities as America struggled to accommodate tens of millions of people Early cries arose to help the plight of America’s working poor to improve living conditions in America’s urban areas. Growing nativism and problems associated with increased populations led the national government to place restrictions on immigration. Prediction Statement (50 words or less): What is one prediction you have about what you will learn based on the big ideas above? Key Questions: 24.1 The Urban Frontier IDs: Skyscraper, Mass Transit 1. Explain how the following led to urban growth and expansion in the late 1800s: A. New Methods of Infrastructure B. New methods of Mass transit C. Industrial jobs 2. Briefly describe some of the problems of city life that rose as America urbanized? 3. What impact(s) did the Great Chicago Fire (1871) have on Gilded Age cities? (What changes resulted from it?) 24.2 The New Immigration 4. Briefly identify “push” and “pull” factors that caused millions of immigrants to migrate to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 5. What positives did ghettos (ethnic neighborhoods) provide for immigrants? Name______________________________________ 24.3 Machines and Reformers Compete and Clash IDs: Political machines; Social Gospel; Settlement houses; Jane Addams; Florence Kelley 6. (Review) Describe the relationship between political machines and immigrants in the late 1800s. 7. What role was the Church expected to play in America’s urbanized society, according to the ‘Social Gospel’? 8. Briefly describe how the following women impacted life for city-dwellers: A. Jane Addams B. Florence Kelley 24.4 Narrowing the Welcome Mat IDs: Nativism, Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 9. From the viewpoint of nativists, for what reasons were immigrants turning America into a ‘dumping ground’? 24.5 Churches Confront the Urban Challenge IDs: Liberal Protestants 10. How did religions change, specifically Protestantism during this era? 24.6 Darwin Disrupts the Churches IDs: Charles Darwin 11. What impact did Charles Darwin’s idea of “natural selection” have on religion? 24.7 The Lust for Learning 12. Economically speaking, how would an increase in public education impact America? 24.8 Booker T. Washington & Black Education IDs: Booker T. Washington; Tuskegee Institute; W.E.B. Dubois; NAACP 13. How were the views of Booker T. Washington & W.E.B. Dubois different in their shared goal of black equality? Per_________ Due Date_______ Name______________________________________ 24.9 The Hallowed Halls of Ivy IDs: Land-Grant Colleges, pragmatism 14. What changes occurred in highereducation in the post-Civil War era? 24.10 The Appeal of the Press IDs: yellow journalism 15. What impact did Pulitzer and Hearst have on the mass media? 24.11 Apostles of Reform IDs: Socialism, Henry George, Edward Bellamy 16. In what ways did the following early “Progressives” demand for more govt. regulation? A. Henry George B. Edward Bellamy 24.13 Families & Women in the City IDs: National American Women Suffrage Asssociation (NAWSA) 17. In what ways was the family impacted by industry and city-life? 18. Despite an increasing role in the industrial workforce, what challenges existed for women who worked in cities and factories? 24.14 Prohibiting Alcohol and Promoting Reform IDs: Women’s Christian Temperance Movement 24.17 The Business of Amusement IDs: 19. In what ways did Americans try to escape the ‘malaise’ (depression) of life in the industrial city? Per_________ Due Date_______ Name______________________________________ Per_________ Due Date_______ Summary Exit Ticket: Cause/Effect (3 parts): Image Analysis #1. Briefly explain how ONE specific historical event or development in the period from 1850 to1900 that contributed to the processes depicted in the image. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #2. Briefly explain ONE specific historical effect in the period from 1850 to 1920 that resulted from the process depicted in the image. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #3. Briefly explain ANOTHER specific historical effect in the period from 1850 to 1920 that resulted from the process depicted in the image. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ American Pageant Ch. 25 Reading Guide: Per_________ The Conquest of the West, 1865 - 1896 Due Date_______ Learning Targets: Target #1: I can Identify examples of political corruption and social discrimination, list causes to the beginnings of the rise of American Big Industry, and explain how population and industrial growth transformed cities and the Western Frontier. Target #2: I can explain (using historical thinking skills) examples of how the U.S. government (city, state, & federal) saw corruption within its ranks; Explain (using historical thinking skills) how American industry shaped cities, the workforce, and the Western Frontier, and explain various responses to the rise and power of U.S. Big Business. Big Ideas: o o o o o o Major conflicts between native groups in the West & U.S. settlers and troops dotted the late 1800s, which brought an end to the open West for native groups Agreements with native groups were virtually unsuccessful due to misunderstandings of native cultures & ways of life Big Business extended into the West in the form of mining industry, cattle, railroad, & eventually farming The Populist movement, which paved the way for the successful Progressive movement of the 1900s, confronted economic tensions and the stranglehold Big Business had on the government Debates over currency representation took the forefront at the turn of the century The election of 1896 represented a continued priority of ensuring the success of American business Prediction Statement (50 words or less): What is one prediction you have about what you will learn based on the big ideas above? Key Questions: 25.1 Indians and Whites on the Plains IDs: Reservation system, Fort Laramie Treaty (1868) 1. In what ways did increased white settlement in the West accelerate the fate of native groups living in the West? 2. What did the treaties of Fort Laramie and Fort Atkinson “promise” to Plains groups...AND how did these “promises” turn out in the long run? 25.2 The Indians fight Back IDs: Sand Creek Massacre, Battle of the Little Bighorn, Bozeman Trail 3. Why were the ‘Indian Wars’ not as lopsided as the U.S. might have initially thought? Name______________________________________ 25.3 & 25.4 Bellowing Herds of Bison + The End of the Trail IDs: William “buffalo” Cody, Peace Policy, Dawes Severalty Act, assimilation, Battle of Wounded Knee, Ghost Dance 4. How did the building of the transcontinental railroad impact the Buffalo? 5. What methods were used to assimilate natives into “white culture/ways of life”? 25.5 Mining: From Dishpan to Ore Breaker IDs: Boom Town, mining industry 6. Briefly describe the importance the mining industry played in the overall development of the West. 25.6 Beef Bonanzas and the Long Drive IDs: Long Drive 7. What role did cowboys play in the long drive and what led to its demise? 25.7 The Farmer’s Frontier IDs: Homestead Act 8. Why was the Homestead Act a gamble for many on the Great Plains? 25.8 & 25.9 The Far West Comes of Age + The Fading Frontier IDs: Sooners, boomers. Frederick Jackson Turner (The Frontier Thesis) 9. What makes the closing of the frontier a turning point in American history? Per_________ Due Date_______ Name______________________________________ Summary Exit Ticket: Per_________ Due Date_______ Context (3 parts): #1) Analyze ONE challenge the United States faced in its attempt to ‘conquer’ the West from the period of 1865-1900. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #2) Analyze ONE (social, political, economic) change in the West region from the period of 1865. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #3) Analyze ONE (social, political, economic) continuity in the West region from the period of 1865. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name______________________________________ American Pageant Ch. 26 Reading Guide: Rumbles of Discontent, 1865 - 1900 Per_________ Due Date_______ Big Ideas: o o o o Big Business extended into the West in the form of mining industry, cattle, railroad, & eventually farming The Populist movement, which paved the way for the successful Progressive movement of the 1900s, confronted economic tensions and the stranglehold Big Business had on the government Debates over currency representation took the forefront at the turn of the century The election of 1896 represented a continued priority of ensuring the success of American business Prediction Statement (50 words or less): What is one prediction you have about what you will learn based on the big ideas above? Key Questions: 26.1 & 26.2 The Farm Becomes a Factory + Deflation Dooms the Debtor IDs: Mechanized agriculture, world market 1. How had the mechanization of agriculture and railroads of the late 1800s changed the lives of farmers on the Great Plains? 2. Why did deflation (lower prices) occur in America’s farming sector in the late 1800s? 26.3 & 26.4 Unhappy Farmers + The Famers Take Their Stand IDs: The Grange 3. What challenges were farmers facing during this era? 4. Created in 1867, The Grange sought to enhance the lives of farmers. How did this organization attempt to do this? (List some of its objectives) 26.5 Prelude to Populism IDs: Populists, Farmers Alliance, Colored Farmers’ National Alliance, Homestead Strike, Grandfather Clause 5. What changes did the Populist Party call for? Name______________________________________ 26.6 Cleveland and Depression IDs: Depression of 1893, President Cleveland, J.P. Morgan 6. What caused the Depression of 1893? 7. What role did J.P. Morgan play in shoring up the Federal government during the Depression? 26.7 Cleveland Breeds a Backlash IDs: Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894, Populists, ‘forgettable presidents’ 8. How did Cleveland’s second term lead to a resurgence of the Republican Party? 26.8 Coxey’s Army & the Pullman Strike IDs: Pullman Strike, Eugene Debs 9. What caused workers of the Pullman Palace Car Co. to strike? 10. What was the outcome of the Pullman strike? 26.9 Golden McKinley and Silver Bryan IDs: William McKinley, Marcus Alonzo Hanna, William Jennings Bryan, Election of 1896, Cross of Gold Speech 11. What was the main issue during the Election of 1896 and what was each parties position on the issue? 12. How did Bryan’s Cross of Gold Speech lead to the demise of the Populist Party? 26.10 Class Conflict: Plowholders Versus Bondholders IDs: Fourth Party System 13. How did the silver issued lead the Republicans to raise one of the largest war chests in history? 14. What were some of the main tenants of the fourth party system? Per_________ Due Date_______ Name______________________________________ 26.11 Republican Stand-pattism Enthroned Per_________ Due Date_______ IDs: William McKinley, tariff, Gold Standard Act 15. Why did the U.S. economy begin to soar as the end of the 19th century neared? Summary Exit Ticket: Context (3 parts): #1) Analyze ONE challenge the United States faced in its attempt to ‘conquer’ the West from the period of 1865-1900. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #2) Analyze ONE (social, political, economic) change in the West region from the period of 1865. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ #3) Analyze ONE (social, political, economic) continuity in the West region from the period of 1865. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________