Violation Of Public Administration Ethics

VIOLATION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ETHICS A. Introduction Violation of public administration ethics is also called maladministration. Maladministration is a practice that deviates from administrative ethics or an administrative practice that is far from achieving administrative goals (Widodo, 2001: 259). Collusion, corruption and nepotism (KKN) is one form of maladministration that is often found in bureaucracies of various scales and types, such as bribery, dishonesty, bad behavior, ignoring the law and so on. According to Flippo (1983: 188) maladministration or abuse of authority that is often carried out by a civil servant in carrying out his duties as follows: a) Dishonesty. b) Bad behavior (unethical behavior) c) Conflict of interest. d) Violating laws and regulations. e) Unfair treatment of subordinates. f) Violation of procedures. g) Not respecting the will of the maker of laws and regulations. h) Inefficiency or waste. i) Covering up mistakes. j) Failure to take the initiative. In addition, according to Douglas (1953:61) maladministration or actions or behaviors that must be avoided by public officials are: 1) Participating in personal business transactions or private companies for personal gain in the name of official positions; 2) Accepting any gifts from private parties when carrying out transactions for official or government interests; 3) Discussing future job opportunities outside the agency while on duty as a government official; 4) Leaking confidential commercial or economic information to unauthorized parties; 5) Dealing too closely with people outside the government agency whose main business depends on government permission. B. Factors Causing Violations of Public Administration Ethics Many factors cause violations of public administration ethics. According to Widodo (2001: 264-267), public maladministration is caused by the following two factors. 1) Internal factors. Internal factors in the form of a person's personality. This personality factor is in the form of intention, will, and drive that grows from within a person who commits maladministration. This factor is caused by a weak mentality, shallow religion and faith of a person. In addition, this factor is also caused by external factors such as family needs, opportunities, work environment and weak supervision, and so on. 2) External factors. External factors are factors that are outside of a person who commits maladministration such as weak regulations, weak control institutions, work environment and so on that open up opportunities for corruption. In addition to these two factors, according to Steinberg and Austern (1999: 23-55; Ibrahim, 1990: 115) maladministration occurs due to several things, namely: • Ethics violators consider their actions as good intentions to help. • Lack of understanding of the code of ethics, laws and correct policies/programs. • Selfish nature that considers itself right and is indeed its authority. • Greedy under the pretext of insufficient income, as a reasonable reward or indeed adhering to the concept of aji mumpung. • Assuming that it is indeed within his authority and prerogative. • Assuming in the category of self-assumed friendship, as well as ideological/political interests. • Because of family interests/pressures and personal prestige. • "Revolving door" after the organizer concerned with his group. • Various financial pressures/problems. • Stupidity, feeling cheated (pretending to be cheated). • Claiming "blackmailing the blackmailer". • His actions are considered reasonable actions. • Claiming to go with the flow. • Claiming to only follow the orders of superiors (obliged to deposit to superiors). • Claiming to ensure safety. C. Implementation of Public Administration Ethics as an Effort to Overcome Maladministration. Abuse of authority (maladministration) that is often carried out by public administrators in carrying out their duties in the form of KKN in all its forms such as dishonesty, bad behavior, conflicts of interest, violating laws and regulations, unfair treatment of subordinates, violations of procedures, disrespecting the will of the makers of laws and regulations, inefficiency or waste, covering up mistakes and failure to take the initiative (Flippo, 1983: 188). This can be overcome by implementing public administration ethics properly and consistently. By realizing good public administration ethics and having a good organizational culture and management, it is hoped that it can foster a good organizational culture and government management. The values of public administration ethics in question include, efficiency, distinguishing between personal and office property, impersonal, merit system, responsible, accountable, and responsiveness (Widodo, 2001: 252-258). The ethics and code of ethics of public administration are expected to be a guideline for public administrators in carrying out their duties and authorities. This is in accordance with the function of public administration ethics as conveyed by Widodo (2001:252), namely: 1) As a guideline and reference for public administrators in carrying out their duties and authorities; 2) Public administration ethics (bureaucratic ethics) as a standard for assessing the behavior and actions of public administrators. However, this is not enough to guarantee that maladministration will not occur within the bureaucracy. There is something more important, namely internal control of public administration organizers, in the form of faith and religion that is inherent in a person. If they believe that the act of corruption, collusion and nepotism is prohibited by religion and will later be held accountable before Allah SWT, then they will not do it even if the opportunity arises. Thus, it can be concluded that the priority scale for preventing public maladministration such as corruption, collusion and nepotism is: 1) There needs to be strong internal control in public administration organizers, which can form a personality based on faith and religious values. 2) Implementing public administration ethics; 3) The existence of external control in the form of supervision, both political, functional and community supervision. In addition to the above, other efforts that can be made to overcome public maladministration (Steinberg and Austern, 1999: 23-55, Ibrahim, 2008: 115-116) include the following. a) Realizing good governance and good corporate governance b) Reports on the wealth of state administrators (announced in the state gazette, audited, followed up, reviewed for eligibility before, during, after serving, and acted upon with appropriate sanctions). c) The existence of laws, statutes, codes of ethics which include, among others: • Law on the eradication of criminal conflicts of interest, which prohibits actions that can be subject to criminal penalties in detail; • A law with a broader scope regarding conflicts of interest (violated standards of behavior, so that there are provisions for administrative actions, reprimands, dismissals, etc.; • the courage to "blow the whistle"; • restrictions on post-employment contracts and unethical/less ethical behavior; • legal standards/ethical behavioral competencies for elected officials; • the need for a code of ethics for state administrators and other stakeholders in their various segments (a code of ethics for supra and political infrastructure if the latter may be regulated) d) The realization of good public administration ethics that have a good organizational and management culture that includes training, auditing, investigation and control of public management.