Exercises - Distance, Speed, Displacement, Velocity and Acceleration

Exercises Distance, speed, displacement, velocity and acceleration 1. What is the average velocity if a ball rolls 20metres in 10 seconds? 2. If a car travels at a speed of 25ms-1 for 12 minutes, how far has it travelled? 3. If a cyclist travels 30km in 2hours, what is her average speed in ms-1? 4. If light takes about eight and a half minutes to reach the Earth from the sun, how far away is the sun? (Speed of light = 3 X 108 ms-1)? 5. What is the average acceleration of a motorbike which reaches a speed of 30ms-1 from rest in 25s? 6. If an electron is travelling at a speed of 2500kms-1 and accelerates through a potential difference for 0.2s at an acceleration of 1.5 X 107 ms-2, how fast is it going when it emerges? 7. A train is travelling at 150mph, how fast is that in metres per second? (1 mile = 1.6 km) 8. If a train travelling at 55ms-1 undergoes a deceleration of 0.2ms-2 for 2 minutes, how fast is it travelling afterwards? 9. State a similarity and a difference between distance and displacement. (i) similarity: ........................................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................... [1] (ii) difference: ....................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [1] [Total 2 marks] 10. (i) Define speed of an object. Explain how you would determine the constant speed of a conker at the end of length of string being whirled in a horizontal circle. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... [3] (ii) Define velocity of an object. In your answer, you should use appropriate technical terms, spelled correctly. ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... [1] (iii) By reference to speed and velocity, explain the difference between a scalar quantity and a vector quantity, using as an example the terms speed and velocity. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [2] [Total 6 marks] 11. The figure below shows two airports A and C. 5 An aircraft flies due north from A for a distance of 360 km (3.6 × 10 m) to point B. Its –1 average speed between A and B is 170 m s . At B the aircraft is forced to change course and flies due east for a distance of 100 km to arrive at C. (i) Calculate the time of the journey from A to B. time = ....................................................... s [1] (ii) Draw a labelled displacement vector triangle below. Use it to determine the magnitude of the displacement in km of the aircraft at C from A. displacement = ....................................................km [3] [Total 4 marks] 3.1-3.4 Graphs of Motion 1. For the velocity–time graph in Figure 1: a state the velocity after the object has been moving for 3.4 s (1 mark) b state the velocity after the object has been moving for 5.6 s (1 mark) c calculate the acceleration between O and P (1 mark) d calculate the acceleration at t = 7.0 s. (1 mark) e Estimate the total distance travelled. (3 marks) 2 Calculate the distance travelled during the journey shown in Figure 2. (2 marks) 3. In this question, two marks are available for the quality of written communication. Below is a graph of the displacement against time for the motion of a radio-controlled model car. 30 displa cem e nt /m 20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 tim e/s Use the graph to describe and explain, without calculation (a) how the velocity changes from time t = 0 to time t = 20 s ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [5] (b) how the acceleration changes from time t = 0 to time t = 20 s. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [4] 4. The figure below shows graphs of velocity v against time t for two cars A and B travelling along a straight level road in the same direction. 26 24 A v / m s –1 22 20 18 16 14 B 12 10 8 6 0 2 4 6 8 t/s 10 At time t = 0, both cars are side-by-side. (i) Describe the motion of car A from t = 0 to t = 10 s. ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................... [2] (ii) Calculate the distance travelled by car A in the first 4.0 s. distance = ..................................................... m [2] (iii) Use the figure above to find 1 the time at which both cars have the same velocity time = ...................................................... s [1] 2 the time t at which car A overtakes car B. t = ...................................................... s [2] [Total 7 marks]