Pius IX

PIUS IX (June 16, 1846 — February 7, 1878) AE 43 mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • P • M • EL(ectus) DIE • XVII • COR(onatus) • DIE •XXI •IVN • ANNO • MDCCC XXXXVI • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, and cope. Rev.: ROMAE • PARENTES ARBITRIQVE • GENTIVM Busts of St. Peter and St. Paul, facing r.. Engraver: Giuseppe Cerbara (1770-1856) Bartolotti, E 846. Mazio, #656. Spink, 2236. AG 43 mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • PONTIFEX • MAXIMVS • ANNO I • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: SACROS • SEDIS • | LATER • POSSESS • (in exergue:)VI • IDVS • NOV • | MDCCCXLVI Three female allegorical figures, representing Peace, Justice, and Security. Pius IX took formal possession of the Lateran Basilica on November 9, 1846. On the same day he issued the encyclical Qui pluribus, announcing the policy for his reign. Mazio-Jencius, #663. Spink, 2239. Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica Volume 53 (1851) 190. Bernard O'Reilley, A Life of Pius IX fifth edition (New York 1877) 115-116. AG 43 mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONT•MAX•ANNO II • Bust of the pope, r., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: BASIL•VATICANAE | DECVS • ADDITVM (in exergue:) A • MDCCCXLVII Statues of St. Peter (by Giuseppe de Fabris) and St. Paul (by Adamo Tadolini) on high pedestals, placed at the corners of the main steps of St. Peter's Basilica. Bartolotti, E 847. Mazio-Jencius, #669. Spink, 2251. AE 43 mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONT• MAX•ANNO II • Bust of the pope, r., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: Inscription: LEGATIONE • PERFVNCTIS AD • PIVM • IX PONT • MAX • ELECTVM NOMINE MAGNI • TVRC • DOMINI AN • MDCCCXXXVII Visit of the Turkish delegation to congratulate Pius IX on his accession. Bartolotti, II/8. Mazio-Jencius, #670. Diario del Principe Don Agostino Chigi (ed. C. Fraschetti) (Tolentino 1906) I, 135. See: A. Mills, The Life of Pope Pius IX (London 1877) Volume I, pp. 43-44. The embassy of the Sultan was led by Che Kib-Effendi, Ottoman Ambassador to Vienna, who was received in private audience by the Pope on February 16 (Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica Volume 53, p. 191). The meeting resulted in the establishment of friendly relations, and the appointment of Monsignor Giuseppe Valerga as Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem (October 4, 1847). The patriarch was to live in Jerusalem and represent the Christian community to the Ottoman government. There was a diplomatic protest on the part of France, who had had this privilege and responsibility up to 1840 (a protest supported by Austria and Russia), which was rejected by the Holy See (supported by Great Britain). Æ 50mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • PONTIFEX • MAXIMVS Bust of the pope, r., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue:) BASILIC S PAVLI EX INCENDIO | XV IVL MDCCCXXIII | GIROMETTI FEC. Ruins of the Basilica of S. Paolo fuori le mura. The basilica, containing the tomb of St. Paul, was destroyed by fire on July 15-16, 1823. The transept was reconsecrated in 1840 by Gregory XVI, and the entire building reconsecrated by Pius IX in 1854. Engraver: Giuseppe Girometti (1779-1851) Mazio-Jencius, 664. Spink, 2221. Æ 50mm Obv.: PIO • IX • P • M • PRECE • URBEM • LVSTRANTI • A • MDCCCL • Bust of the pope, r., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. (beneath bust): GIUS • CERBARA • F Rev.: A REDITV PRINCIPIS | CLARIORA NITENT The Sun and a star overlooking a monument of Imperial Rome, seated, flanked by the flags of The Papacy and of Pius IX, the She-wolf and Romulus and Remus at left, a lion a right. On the monument: OB | REDI | TVM | EXO | PTA | TVM (in exergue:) SVO DVM CARET PONTIFICE | ROMA SOLE CARET. Engraver: Mazio, 680. Giuseppe Cerbara (1770-1856) Pius IX was elected on June 16, 1846, in the belief that he was a "moderate progressive," a fantasy which events would demonstrate within two years to have been quite mistaken. Though he granted limited local government (a reform sought at the beginning of the century by Cardinal Consalvi), Pius refused a constitution to the Papal States, and declined to support the liberation from Austria (Risorgimento). His chief minister, Count Rossi, was assassinated on November 15, 1848, and the Pope was expelled from his throne and his state. Rome was a Republic from February 9, 1849 to April 12, 1850 (coins of the Roman Republic were issued). After his 'restoration', the Pope was able to resist Italian unification only with the support of French troops. Æ 42 mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONT MAX • ANNO •VI • (beneath the bust:) GIVS •CERBARA• F• Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue:) ALBANO ET ARICIA | PONTE CONIVNCTIS | MDCCCLI A new bridge constructed to join the towns of Albano and Aricia Engraver: Mazio, Spink, 2270. Giuseppe Cerbara The viaduct bridge was built between 1847 and 1854 by the architect Ireneo Aleandri, as part of a general road improvement project begun under Gregory XVI. It was partially destroyed by the Germans during World War II, and rebuilt in 1947. (1770-1856). 688. Æ (and AG) 42 mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • PONTIFEX • MAXIMVS • ANNO • VII • (beneath the bust:) BONFIG. ZACCAGNINI INC Bust of the pope, r., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: VIA APPIA RESTITVTA (in exergue:) A TEMP•S•SEBASTIANI • X• (M)P | AD BOVILLAS |B • ZACCAGNINI • FECIT View of the Via Appia, with the reclining body of dead St. Sebastian in the foreground. In background, the tomb of Caecilia Metella (l.) and Church of St. Sebastian ad Catacumbas Engraver: Bonfiglio Mazio, Spink, 2271. Zaccagnini the the the (r.) (1793-1867) 692. Æ (and AG) 42 mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • PONTIFEX • MAXIMVS • AN • VIII • (beneath the bust:) GIVS CERBARA F Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue:) MVSEVM • IN • AEDIBVS • LATERAN | AVCTVM | AN • MDCCCLIII | Rooms in the Lateran Palace, with new additions to the Papal Collections. The Dionysos-Antinoos is featured. Engraver: Mazio, Spink, 2275-2276. Giuseppe Cerbara 697. AE 39 mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONTIFEX | MAXIMVS ANNO X (Beneath bust:) P•GIROMETTI•F Bust of the pope, r., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: AD • SANCTI • SPIRITVS • A • MDCCCLIV Visit of the Pope, attended by his entourage, to the Ospedale di Santo Spirito in Rome. Engraver: Bartolotti, Mazio-Jencius, Spink, 2279. Pietro Girometti 855. 703. Æ 42 mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONT MAX • ANNO • XI • (beneath the bust:) I BIANCHI Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue:) VI • ID • DEC • ANN • CHR • MDCCCLIV | SINE LABE CONCEPTA (on the bottom step of the altar:) I • BIANCHI The Pope, standing before the Altar of the Throne in St. Peter's Basilica, proclaiming to assembled papal court the Doctrine of the Immaculate Conception, December 8, 1854. Above: the Blessed Virgin, among the clouds, attended by angels; the Holy Spirit at the top amid rays of light. Mazio, 704. Spink, 2280. Bartolotti, 856. (1808-1877) AG 43 Engraver: Giuseppe Bianchi mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONTIFEX • | MAXIMVS • AN • XII • Bust of the pope, r., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: PROVIDENTIA P M FERREA VIA ROMAM PROVINCIIS | ADDVCI CVRAVIT (in exergue:) AN•MDCCCLVI | P•GIROMETTI•F Angel with caduceus, seated on a steam engine, commemorating the first railroad in the Papal States Bartolotti, E 857. Mazio, 713. Spink, 2284. Engraver: Pietro Girometti For the arrival of the railroad in the Papal States, beginning in 1847, see Gaetano Moroni, Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica Volume 70 (1854) 163-164; Volume 97 (1860), 16-23. Pius was as enthusiastic for the new invention as his immediate predecessor had been hostile. In the first days of the new pontificate, he appointed a study commission of clerics, to which he soon added a number of influential and knowledgeable laymen. AE 39 mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONT • | MAX • AN • XIII • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue:) OPT • PR • PROVINCIAE • LVSTRATIO | ANNO MDCCCLVII • | I • BIANCHI• The Pope, visiting his domains; symbolic figures of towns and areas at the left; the Pope's entourage at the right [This visitation took place between May and September of 1857] Engraver: Giuseppe Bianchi (1808-1877) Mazio, 721. Spink, 2285. AG 39 mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONT • | MAX • AN • XIV • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. (beneath bust:) P• GIROMETTI • F Rev.: EGO DOMINVS ET MAGISTER (in exergue:) EXEMPLVM DEDI| VOBIS P• GIROMETTI • F Christ washing the foot of one of the Apostles, large basin beneath the foot. (John 13. 15) Engraver: Pietro Girometti Mazio, 725. Spink, -. AE 39 mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONT • | MAX • ANNO • XIV • Bust of the pope, r., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. (beneath bust:) P• GIROMETTI • F Rev.: PORTAM VRBIS IN IANICVLI VERTICE RESTITVIT ORNAVIT (on arch:) ANNO DOMINI MDCCCLIV PONTIFICATVS VIII (in exergue:) ANNO MDCCCLVI | V VESPIGNANI ARCHIT The Porta San Pancrazio, at the highest part of the Janiculum Hill, was constructed under Pope Urban VIII, and completely destroyed in 1849 in the struggles between Garibaldi and the French general Oudinot. It was rebuilt in 1856, by the architect Virginio Vespignani. Mazio, 722. Spink, 2286. Engraver: Pietro Girometti Æ 42 mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONT. | MAX. AN. XV Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: The shrine of St. Peter's Chair, in the apse of St. Peter's, by Bernini Mazio, Spink, — 727. Æ 42 mm Obv.: PIVS (beneath IX PONT. | the MAX. AN. XVI bust:) C. VOIGT Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: DEVS MEVS CONCLVDAT ORA LEONVM (in exergue:) MDCCCLXI Daniel between two lions, an olive branch at left. [referring to Dan. 6. 22: Deus meus misit angelum suum et conclusit ora leonum... The subjunctive concludat, 'Let My God close the mouths of the lions', may, in 1861, refer to Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel, who were devouring the Papal States.] Mazio, Spink, 2289. 729. AG 42 mm Obv.: (in exergue::) XXVI•MARTYRISI•JAPONIIS MICHAELI•DE•SANCTISI• CONF MAIORESI•CAELITI•HONOR | ADTRIBVTI | | Allegorical figure of The Church, seated on a throne, palms and martyr's crown in r., papal cross and tiara in l. Holy Spirit above. St. Peter's Basilica and Vatican Palace in background. Rev.: EPISCOPIS | EX • ORBE • VNIVERSO | QVI • APOSTOLICAE • SEDIS | IVRIBVS • PROPVGNATIS | RE • ROMANA • VBIQVE • DEFENSA | PII • IX • PONT • MAX | DESIDERIO OBSEQVVNTI | EIDEM • VI • ID • IVN • AN • MDCCCLXII | CAELESTES • SANCTIS • NOVENSILIBVS | DECERNENTI • ADFVERE | CIVES • ROMANI | PATRIBVS • ET • ADSERTORIBVS | CATHOLICI • NOMINIS. (in exergue:) B Engraver: Mazio, Spink, —. • ZACCAGNINI Bonfiglio • RQ Zaccagnini • CONQ • FECIT (1793-1867) —. This medal commemorates the canonization of Bl. Michele de Sanctis and 26 Japanese martyrs (including three Jesuits, Paul Miki, John de Goto and James Kisai, all 26 crucified at Nagasaki on February 5, 1597) on the feast of Pentecost, June 8, 1862. The canonizations took place during a large meeting of the higher clergy in Rome, which was attempting to formulate a response to the seizure of the Papal States in 1860; it was part of a Vatican propaganda effort. See Giovanni Pizzorusso, "I cattolici nordamericani e la sovranità temporale dei romani pontefici propugnata nella sua integrità dal suffragio dell' Orbe cattolico regnante Pio IX l' anno XIV" (lecture to an International Seminar at the Università della TusciaViterbo, 30 novembre 2001). G. B. Guzzetti, Chiesa e politica ( 1975) 219. The Pope's allocution is given in Atti pontificii, o sieno lettera enciclica e sillabo degli 8 dicembre 1864, co' documenti in essi citati (Napoli Accattoncelli 1865), 374-383 [Recueil des allocutions consistoriales ... (Paris 1865) 454-464]. Æ 42 mm Obv.: PIVS IX PONT. (beneath | MAX. AN. the XVII bust:) C. VOIGT Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: PETRI INOPIAM SVSTENTANT CHRISTIANI STIPE (in exergue:) ANTIQVA | PIETAS RENOVATVR | MDCCCLXII Saint Peter, seated, facing left, being presented with gifts to relieve his poverty by two figures, a kneeling male and a standing female [commemorates the annual Peter's Pence] Mazio, Spink, 2292. 733. Æ 42 mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • PONT • MAX • AN • XIX • (beneath the bust:) I • BIANCHI • F Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: ANNO • MDCCCLXIV• (in exergue:) C•V•VESPIGNANI•ARCH | I • BIANCHI • F The inner facade of the Porta Pia in north-eastern Rome, at the end of the Via XX Settembre, where the Via Nomentana begins. Engraver: F. Bianchi Mazio, 738. Spink, 2294. {The reverse does NOT (as the Spink catalogue states) represent the "Arch of Vespasian". Virginio Vespignani (d. 1882) was the architect of the restoration of the gate, designed by Michelangelo Buonarotti, 1561.] Porta Pia, courtesy of Roberto Piperno, Rome Art Lover. AG 36 mm Obv.: ROMAE • PARENTES ARBITRIQVE • GENTIVM Busts of St. Peter and St. Paul, facing r., jugate. Rev.: PIO • PONTIFICE • SAECVLARIA • TRIVMPHO • APOSTOLOR(um) • ACTA • III • KAL AN(no)• CHR(isti) • MDCCCLXVII IX MAXIMO SOLEMNIA PETRI•ET•PAVLI RECOLENDO ROMAE • IVLIAS Celebrating the 19th centenary of the Martyrdom of SS. Peter and Paul, June 29, 1867. Mazio, Spink, 2300. AG 43 747. mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • PONT | MAX • AN • XXII • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: IN••PONTIF•ACADEMIA•ROMANA•ARTIF•A•DIVO•LV CA• (retrograde:) MERENTIBVS Saint Luke, riding on a winged bull, while composing his gospel. Engraver: Giuseppe Bianchi AG 36 mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • PONT | MAX • AN • XXIII • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue:) PORTICVS•DOM•PONT VAT•I•BIANCHI•F• | IN• The Stanze of Raphael in the Apostolic Vatican Palace. Engraver: Mazio, Spink, Bartolotti E868. Giuseppe Bianchi 752. 2303. AE 39 mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • PONT • MAX • | SACRI • PRINC • A • XXIV • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: Christ, right hand pointing toward heaven, handing over the "keys of the kingdom" to St. Peter, kneeling; apostles looking on from left and right. Mazio, -. Spink, -. AE 46 mm Obv.: PIUS IX P • M •CONCILIVM OECVMEN •VAT •INCHOANS Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. (beneath bust:) C . VOIGT | MDCCCLXIX Rev.: SVB TVVM | PRAESIDIVM The Blessed Virgin Mary, crowned and holding sceptre, seated with nude Baby Jesus, holding an orb, on her right knee. The crescent moon is beneath her feet, clouds behind Spink, —. AG 23 mm Obv.: PIUS IX PONT . MAX | ANNO XXIV Bust of the pope, r., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue:) CONCILIUM OECUMENICUM | 8 Ds 1869 Meeting of the First Vatican Ecumenical Council, north transept of St. Peter's Basilica, Rome. Spink, 2304. Brass 36 mm Obv.: PIUS IX • PONT • MAX Gothic tryptich frame: In the center: Bust of the pope, 1., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole, the Holy Spirit above. At the left: Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception. At the right: St. Peter in a boat Rev.: (in exergue:) CONCILE OECUMENIQUE | ROME | 1869–1870 Meeting of the First Vatican Ecumenical Council, north transept of St. Peter's Basilica, Rome. [not a papal issue] AE 44 mm Obv. PIUS • IX • PONTIFEX • MAXIMVS Bust of the pope, r., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: PIO • IX • PONT • MAX VNI • POST • PETRVM ANNOS • XXV • PONTIFICATVS EXPLENTI ORDO • QVIRITIVM QVOS • FIDES • IMMOTA • SOCIAT . FAVSTA • OMNIA A • DEO • PRECATVR XVI • KALEND • QVINT A • MDCCCLXXI Mazio, —. Spink, —. AE 36 mm Obv. PIUS • IX • PONT • | MAX • AN • XXVI • BIANCHI Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue:) XXV • ANNIS • REGNAVIT • . FECITQ(ue) • QVOD • RECTVM • ERAT. Jesus (at left) and St. Peter (at right) congratulate the kneeling Pius IX for twenty-five years of service on the Throne of Peter (center). 2 Ch 34:2 fecitque quod erat rectum in conspectu Domini et ambulavit in viis David patris sui non declinavit neque ad dexteram neque ad sinistram Mazio, Spink, -. 759. Bartolotti E871. Engraver: Giuseppe Bianchi AE 36 mm Obv. PIUS • IX • PONT • | MAX • AN • XXVII Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue:) | | I • BIANCHI •F • . The Sistine Chapel in S. Maria Maggiore, restored by Pius IX. Engraver: Bartolotti Mazio, Spink, -. Giuseppe Bianchi E872. 760. Sistine Chapel, S. Maria Maggiore Æ 44mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • PONT • MAX • AN • XXVIII • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: BASIL • S • LAVRENTII • M • | REST • ET • ORN •| I • BIANCHI • F • Interior of the Basilica of S. Lorenzo fuori le Mura, restored 1864-1870. Mazio, Spink —. 683. Bartolotti E873. Engraver: Giuseppe Bianchi. Pius IX had the two basilicas at S. Lorenzo reconstructed between 1864 and 1870, reserving the original narthex on the east end for his own mausoleum (constructed by Cattaneo and Seitz). His body, temporarily interred in St. Peter's in 1878, was transferred to S. Lorenzo on July 13, 1881. A Roman mob, attacking the procession, nearly succeeded in dumping the coffin into the Tiber. The column in the Piazza was also his work. Interior of the Basilica of San Lorenzo The tomb of Blessed Pius IX, recently reconstructed, in S. Lorenzo Courtesy of Zadok Romanus Æ 44mm Obv.: PIVS • IX • PONT • MAX • AN • XXVIII • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue) REFECTA A. BASILICA ET SANCTAE MARIAE ADORNATA MDCCCLXXIV Interior of the Basilica of S. Maria in trastevere, restored and decorated by order of Pius IX, including the frescoes of the Nave and tribune. Bartolotti, Mazio, Spink —. E 874. 767. AE 44 mm Obv.: PIUS • IX • PONT • | MAX • AN • XXX • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole. Rev.: (in exergue:) PAVPERVM • COMMODITATI | AEDES • A • SOLO | EXSTRVCTAE | I • BIANCHI •S • . Piazza Mastai, crossed by the Viale trastevere, a fountain in the center of the square. The new Roman Poor House facing the square; another building on the square was the Tobacco Factory, built by Pius IX (Mastai-Ferretti) in 1863. On the hill in the background, S. Pietro in Montorio. Engraver: Giuseppe Bianchi Mazio, 768. Spink, -. AE 44 mm Obv.: PIUS • IX • PONT • | MAX • AN • XXXI • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole Rev.: IOSEPHVS • MARIAE • V • SPONSVS (in exergue:) • ECCLESIAE • CATH | PATRONVS DATVS | 1871 • (on rim) F •BIANCHI . St. Joseph in center, figure representing the Church kneeling at left, Mary and Jesus at right. Engraver: Mazio, Spink, -. Giuseppe Bianchi 769. AE 44 mm Obv.: PIUS • IX • P • M • EPISC | A • L • PRINC • AN • XXXII • Bust of the pope, l., wearing zucchetto, mozzetta and stole Rev.: (in exergue:) • PRINCEPS • PASTORVM | A • MCMLXXVII • (on rim) F •BIANCHI . Jesus, the Good Shepherd, with a lamb on his shoulders, shepherd's crook in his right hand, two sheep on either side. Commemorates Pius IX's fiftieth year as a bishop Engraver: Mazio-Jencius Spink, -. Giuseppe Bianchi 771.