Basic Concepts of Educational Facilities Management

Basic Concepts of Educational Facilities Management One aspect that should get the main attention by every education manager is about educational facilities and infrastructure. Educational facilities and infrastructure in (Law Number 20 of 2003) Article 45 says (1) Each formal and non-formal education unit provides facilities and infrastructure that meet educational needs in accordance with the growth and development of the physical potential, intellectual, social, emotional, and psychological of students. Facilities and infrastructure is a condition required for the ongoing teaching and learning activities in educational units. This field of work is usually referred to as the field of general services that are "Conditio Sine Qua Non" in the organization of education units. Educational facilities generally include all equipment and supplies that are directly used and support the educational process, such as: Buildings, study rooms / classrooms, educational tools / media, tables, chairs and so on. While what is meant by infrastructure is a facility that indirectly supports the course of the educational process, such as: yard, garden / school garden, road to school. Management of educational facilities and infrastructure in foreign terms is known as "school plant administration", which includes land, buildings, furniture and educational / school equipment. (Mamusung, 1991), (Bapadal, 2004), (Soetopo, 2000). Management of facilities and infrastructure can be interpreted as organizing activities, starting from planning needs, procurement, inventory, storage, maintenance, use and elimination as well as structuring land, buildings, equipment, and school furniture in an appropriate and targeted manner. Land or "site" in question is the location of land or a land that has been carefully selected to be built on the land / land building or school building or educational institution (Engelhart NL, 1956). Even in a broader sense, this land also includes gardening, farming, animal husbandry, as well as playing and playing sports, as well as the courtyard where the ceremony takes place, and other activities as long as they are directly related to teaching and learning activities. "Building" means all buildings or rooms that are deliberately erected on the land and used for educational purposes and support the smooth teaching and learning process. While furniture and equipment here means objects and tools that are moving or not moving, which are used to support the smooth running of education. More specifically, what is meant by equipment is equipment used for the implementation of teaching and learning activities, playing and working, such as writing, drawing, sports, art equipment, and also includes equipment: lighting, drinking and washing water, cooling, heating, and communication facilities. While furniture or furniture, namely in the form of tables, chairs, benches, various kinds of educational boards, boxes and shelves and hangers. 1. Basic Principles of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure Educational facilities and infrastructure, especially land, buildings and school equipment should describe the school's educational program or curriculum. Because the building and school equipment is held based on the curriculum or educational program in force, so that the suitability allows the existing facilities really support the course of the educational process. The management of school buildings and equipment is the responsibility of the school principal. For that purpose he needs to understand some basic principles in managing these facilities. The basic principles in carrying out such management are as follows: 1) School buildings, grounds and equipment should reflect the ideals and image of the community as stated in the philosophy and objectives of education. 2) Planning the building land, and school furniture equipment should be a reflection of the common desire daan with the consideration of a team of experts who are quite capable in the community 3) Building land, and school furniture and equipment should be adapted and adequate for the benefit of students, for the formation of their character and can serve and ensure them in learning, working and playing according to their respective talents. 4) Building land, and school furniture and equipment should be tailored to the interests of education stemming from the interests and uses or benefits for children/students and teachers. 5) The person in charge must be able to assist the school program effectively, train the staff and choose the tools and how to use them so that they can adjust and carry out their duties in accordance with their functions and professions. 6) A person in charge of a school must have the ability to recognize, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and use the functions of the building and its equipment appropriately. 7) The person in charge must be able to maintain and use the building and surrounding land so that he or she can help realize the health, safety, happiness, and beauty and progress of the school and community. 8) As a responsible principal not only knows the wealth of the school entrusted to him, but must pay attention to all the needs of educational tools needed by students. 2. Types of Educational Facilities and Infrastructure Educational facilities and infrastructure can basically be grouped in four groups, namely land, buildings, equipment, and school furniture (site, building, equipment, and furniture). The types of educational facilities and infrastructure can be divided into physical and non-physical facilities (Ary Gunawan, 1996, p. 5). Physical facilities are everything in the form of inanimate or materialized objects that facilitate or facilitate activities such as typewriters, computers, furniture, educational aids, study rooms, libraries, playgrounds, sports facilities, places of worship, toilets, canteens, UKS rooms and other necessary facilities. Non-physical facilities are rules, regulations, programs that support the teaching and learning process. Educational infrastructure includes: land, yard, fence, building, road network, water, electricity, telephone, internet and furniture and infrastructure buildings. Infrastructure is the infrastructure of the educational environment to complement school buildings so that the school environment is safe, comfortable and healthy.