Basic Concepts of Guidance and Counseling for Students

Basic Concepts of Guidance and Counseling for Students A. Definition of Guidance The word 'Guidance' in English is a translation of the word Guidance with the basic word Guide which means showing the way, leading, guiding, giving instructions, organizing and directing, or giving advice (Syafaruddin, et al. 2019:16). Meanwhile, if seen in the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) 'guidance' means instructions (explanations) on how to do something; guidance; leadership. Then there are several expert opinions regarding the meaning and significance of the word guidance, including: a) According to Dunsmoor and Miller, guidance is helping individuals to understand and make extensive use of the educational, job and personal opportunities that they have or can develop, and as a form of systematic assistance, where students are helped to be able to obtain good adjustments to school and to their environment (Abu Bakar M. Luddin, 2009; Syafaruddin, et al. 2019:16). b) According to C. Patterson, namely: A process involving interpersonal relationships between a counselor and one or more clients where the counselor uses psychological methods based on systematic knowledge of human personality in an effort to improve the client's mental health" (Syafaruddin, et al. 2019: 16). c) And Syafaruddin, et al. (2019: 17) guidance in general is a process of continuous and systematic provision to individuals in solving the problems they face in order to achieve the ability to understand themselves, the ability to realize their abilities according to their potential or abilities in achieving adjustment in the environment, both in the family, school, and society. With the explanation above, it can be concluded that 'Guidance' is a process of directing or helping individuals systematically to achieve the ability to understand themselves, realize their potential and also the ability to adjust in the family, school and community environments. B. Definition of Counseling In the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) 'Counseling' means providing guidance by an expert to someone using psychological methods and so on; providing assistance by a counselor to a client in such a way that understanding of one's own abilities increases in solving various problems. Meanwhile, according to Abu Bakar M. Luddin (2009) Counseling is the process of providing assistance carried out through interviews and other behavioral change techniques by an expert (counselor) to individuals who are experiencing problems (clients) which culminates in resolving the problems faced by the client (Syafaruddin, et al. 2019:17). In addition to Abu Bakar M. L. There are also several experts who have opinions regarding the definition of counseling, namely: a) According to Shertzer and Stone "Counseling is an interaction that occurs between two individuals, each called a counselor and a client. This interaction occurs in a professional atmosphere, carried out and maintained as a tool to facilitate changes in client behavior" (Syafaruddin, et al. 2019:16). b) According to Berdnad & Fullmer "Counseling includes understanding and individual relationships to express the needs, motivations and unique potentials of the individual concerned to appreciate these three things" (Syafaruddin, et al. 2019:16). c) According to Mc. Daniel (in Lahmuddin) "Counseling is a series of meetings between counselors and clients. In that meeting, the counselor helps clients overcome the difficulties they face. The purpose of providing assistance is so that clients can adapt, both to themselves and to their environment" (Syafaruddin, et al. 2019:17). So it can be concluded that counseling is a series of interactions carried out by an expert and an individual which aims to provide assistance/guidance in order to achieve increased self-ability in overcoming/solving various difficulties, the ability to adapt and changes in behavior. C. Definition of Guidance and Counseling Referring to the conclusion of the definition of guidance and counseling, guidance and counseling is an activity or program that refers to the process of expert interaction to provide assistance and direction in improving abilities (potential, talents, interests, competencies) in the development of students so that they can make adjustments in the family, community and foreign environments.