University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
SED 525SS | Methods of Teaching Social Studies
Academic year:

2024
Views:

143

Pages:

2
Author:

Amel S.

BASIC STATISTICAL CONCEPT ASSIGNMENT Explain what is meant by some of the terms in statistics below and provide examples of their use A. Descriptive statistics Regarding the collection, processing, and presentation of some or all data without decision making. Examples can be presented in the form of tables, diagrams, graphs, etc. an example of its use is a graph of the number of visitors to the Bogor Botanical Gardens in 2018. B. Inferential statistics Inferential statistics is a type of statistics that focuses on processing sample data so that decisions or conclusions can be made on the population. The flow of using inferential statistics is sampling, selecting analysis, and making decisions for the entire population. For example, regression analysis is used to predict the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables, for example, if you want to know what factors influence poverty reduction, variables such as road length, economic growth, number of teachers, number of workers, etc. can be used. after being analyzed, the variables that influence the reduction in poverty rates will be known. C. Parametric statistics Statistics that considers the type of data distribution, namely whether the data is normally distributed or not. Examples of parametric statistical methods are z-test (1 or 2 samples), t-test, Pearson correlation, etc. D. Non-parametric statistics Free distribution statistics or do not require the form of distribution of population parameters, whether normal or not, namely nominal and ordinal which are generally not normally distributed. Examples of non-parametric statistical methods are binomial test, Chi square test, Median test, Friedman test, etc. E. Variable A characteristic of an observed object that produces a value, size, or other criteria that can vary. According to Sugiyono, a variable is anything in any form that is determined by the researcher to be studied so that information about it is obtained. for example, the word body (not a variable) but "Height" (variable) because each person's weight is different (has variations). F. Hypothesis A hypothesis is a temporary assumption from a study that is carried out and further testing or experiments are needed to prove the assumption. for example, I want to research the cause of fish dying in the river due to pesticides. I hypothesize that the disposal of pesticide waste is the cause of fish dying in the river. To strengthen my suspicion, I have to conduct an experiment by taking river water samples to be tested in the laboratory. G. Bivariate statistics A method used to analyze data that has two variables. For example, a simple regression test for parametric statistics and a Spearman correlation test for nonparametric. H. Univariate statistics Analysis that only has 1 variable for n samples or several variables but each variable is analyzed individually. Example of correlation between motivation and academic achievement. I. Multivariate statistics Analysis of two or more variables for n samples where the analysis between variables is carried out simultaneously. For example, the influence of motivation on academic achievement is influenced by factors of parental educational background, socioeconomic factors, school factors.