Student Discipline Factors

Student Discipline Factors In general, factors that influence student discipline are divided into two categories, namely internal factors and external factors. Both factors influence each other in the individual's learning process, thus determining student discipline. a. Internal Factors Internal factors are factors that originate from within the individual and can influence individual learning outcomes. These internal factors include physiological and psychological factors. 1) Physiological factors Physiological factors are factors related to the individual's physical condition. These factors are divided into two types. First, the state of physical tone. The state of physical tone generally greatly influences a person's learning activities. A healthy and fit physical condition will have a positive influence on an individual's learning activities. Second, the state of physical/physiological function. During the learning process, the role of physiological functions in the human body greatly influences learning outcomes, especially the five senses. 2) Psychological factors Psychological factors are a person's psychological state that can influence the learning process. Some of the main psychological factors that influence the learning process are student intelligence, motivation, interests, attitudes, and talents. b. Exogenous/External Factors In addition to student characteristics or endogenous factors, external factors can also affect the student learning process. In this case, Syah (2003) explains that external factors that affect learning can be classified into two groups, namely social environmental factors and non-social environmental factors. 1) Social Environment a) School Social Environment One of the things that supports a person's learning success at school is: • Teaching method, is a way/path that must be taken in teaching. • The existence of a good curriculum, namely a curriculum according to the student's abilities, while a less good curriculum is a curriculum that is too dense, above the student's abilities • Teacher and student relations. The process of student interaction with teachers is influenced by existing relationships. • Student-student relations, namely relationships that will affect their learning process, if students have characteristics or behavior that are unpleasant to other friends, have low self-esteem, experience mental pressure will be isolated from the group. • School discipline. According to Thursan Hakim, one of the most absolute things that must be present in schools to support successful learning is the existence of "regularities and discipline that are enforced consistently and consistently". • Facilities and infrastructure, namely complete infrastructure and learning facilities are good learning conditions, because there are school buildings with complete learning facilities, such as children's handbooks, prayer rooms, laboratories and others. • School time, is the time when the teaching and learning process occurs at school, that time can be morning, afternoon, evening/night. b) Community Social Environment The condition of the community environment where students live will affect student learning. A slum student environment, many unemployed and neglected children can also affect student learning activities, at least students have difficulty when they need study friends, discussions, or borrowing learning tools that they happen not to have. c) Family Social Environment This environment greatly affects learning activities. Family tranquility, parental characteristics, family demographics (location of the house), family management, all can have an impact on student learning activities. 2) NonSocial Environment Factors included in the non-social environment are: a) Natural environment, such as fresh air conditions, not hot and not cold, light that is not too bright/strong, or not too humid/dark, cool and calm atmosphere. b) Instrumental factors, namely learning devices that can be classified into two types. First, hardware, such as school buildings, learning tools, learning facilities, sports fields and so on. Second, software, such as school curriculum, school regulations, guidebooks, and so on. c) Subject matter factors (taught to students), this factor should be adjusted to the age of student development, as well as the teacher's teaching methods, adjusted to the conditions of student development. Rifa'i (2018, pp. 81-82) explains the various factors that are factors in student discipline, namely: 1. Role Model Exemplary behavior greatly influences student discipline, because the attitudes and actions or behavior of the principal, teachers and parents greatly influence attitudes and will be imitated by students. Therefore, especially parents are not only as providers of student needs in terms of material, but also as providers of knowledge and are required to be role models for students. 2. Authority Authoritative principals, teachers and parents can have a positive influence on students, this is as written in a book issued by the Ministry of Education and Culture (1983, p. 3) that authority is a personality radiation that creates a positive influence so that others obey their orders and prohibitions. People with authority show superior attitudes and values to be emulated. This opinion states that authority greatly influences a person's attitude. The authority possessed by the principal, teachers and parents greatly determines the formation of students' personalities. Students who are accustomed to carrying out tasks according to the instructions of the principal, teachers and parents, then in themselves a disciplined attitude is embedded, and conversely if the principal, teachers and parents no longer have authority, it will be difficult for the principal, teachers and parents to direct and guide students and what will happen is indiscipline, thus authority greatly influences student behavior. 3. Punishment and Rewards Punishment and rewards are one of the efforts to influence student behavior. If a student commits a violation or an act that is not commendable and does not receive a warning from the principal, teachers and parents, then a bad habit will arise in the student. 4. Environment A factor that is no less important and has an influence on discipline is the environmental factor. The environment in question is the school environment, family environment and community environment. In general, if the environment is good, it will have an influence on positive actions and vice versa. In order to implement the expected student discipline, the three environments must help each other, assist each other, cooperate, because the problem of education is naturally a shared responsibility between the government, in this case teachers/schools, parents/families and also the community in their environment.