Learning Materials And Learning Media

LEARNING MATERIALS AND LEARNING MEDIA A. Learning Materials a) Function of Learning Materials Learning materials are an important component that teachers must prepare before carrying out learning and teaching activities. The completeness of learning materials will help teachers and students in learning and teaching activities. Moreover, learning materials are a component that is very important for achieving learning and teaching goals. Complete and systematically arranged learning materials can create an effective and efficient learning and teaching process. The quality of learning materials is also a determining factor for the learning and teaching process to achieve its goals. Therefore, teaching materials are a very important element that must receive the attention of teachers in implementing learning and teaching activities in the classroom, so that the desired learning goals can be achieved. Teachers as implementers of education or the learning and teaching process are required to be able to create quality learning materials. Quality learning materials are learning materials that can answer problems and meet students' needs to achieve their learning goals. Therefore, learning materials should be able to provide knowledge, skills, and values and attitudes that students must learn to achieve the predetermined competency standards. Preparing and creating learning materials is certainly not an easy job. The learning materials are ingredients that determine the competencies that students will achieve and possess at the end of the activity or after the learning and teaching process has taken place. B. Learning Media a) Definition of Media Media is the plural form of the word "medium", which means intermediary or messenger. According to Daryanto (in Hamid, A. M. et al., 2020: 4), learning media is anything (whether humans, objects, or the surrounding environment) that can be used to convey or channel messages in learning, so that it can stimulate students' attention, interest, thoughts, and feelings in learning activities to achieve goals. Based on Daryanto's opinion, it can be concluded that learning media is a tool or something that can carry messages or information to support the creation of the learning process. b) Forms of Learning Media Heinich and Molenda (Anggun: 2013) divide the forms of learning media into six forms, namely. 1) Text, in the form of information in written form, for example books. 2) Audio Media, in the form of music or other sound recordings. 3) Visual Media, in the form of images, such as posters. 4) Motion Projection Media, in the form of videos. 5) Miniatures, in the form of three-dimensional imitation objects that can be touched and felt by students, such as globes. 6) Humans (teachers, instructors, or others). c) Uses of Learning Media Learning media has various uses or benefits as follows. 1) Helping the learning process that takes place between teachers and students. 2) Increasing students' interest and motivation in the learning process. 3) Can overcome limitations of space, time, energy, and senses. d) Functions of Learning Media Suryono, A. (2017) argues that learning media has two main functions, as follows. 1) Learning media as a learning aid. Learning media can help learning materials that require aids in the form of objects or others. For example, in geography learning, learning media in the form of globes or maps are needed to help learning materials so that they can be understood by students 2) Learning media as a learning resource. Learning resources are anything that can be used as a place for learning materials for students to learn. These learning resources can be books, scientific magazines, mass media, and others. e) Purpose of Learning Media In general, the purpose of using learning media is to help teachers in delivering learning materials so that the material is easier for students to understand and looks more interesting. Situmorang (Hamid, A. M. et al., 2020: 14) states the specific purpose of using learning media, as follows. 1) To provide a more varied learning experience so as to stimulate students' interest in learning. 2) Cultivate certain attitudes and skills in the field of technology. 3) Creating a learning situation that is not easily forgotten by students. 4) Creating an effective learning situation. 5) Providing more learning motivation to students. f) Elements of Learning Media According to Purba, A. R. (2020: 24), there are two very important elements of learning media (teaching and learning), namely. 1) Hardware elements, or equipment used to present information. 2) Elements of messages or information carried (software), or information conveyed to students. g) Classification of Learning Media Leshin, Pollock, & Reigeluth (Hamid, A. M. et al., 2020: 19) classify learning media into five types as follows. 1) Media based on living things, such as teachers, instructors, tutors, role-playing group activities, field trips, animal observations, plant observations, and others. 2) Print-based media, such as books, modules, scientific magazines, bulletins, comics, and others. 3) Visual-based media, such as charts, graphs, maps, transparencies, slides, etc. 4) Computer-based media, such as interactive video computer-assisted learning, web-based learning, etc. 5) Audio-visual-based media, such as videos, films, and YouTube.