Assignment On Educational Quality Management Material

ASSIGNMENT ON EDUCATIONAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT MATERIAL QUESTION: 1. Explain the concept of quality: a) That quality is not something absolute b) Explain the concept of quality from the customer's perspective and from the service provider's perspective c) Explain the concept of quality in education and indicators of quality education 2. Quality management is essentially an activity of continuous quality improvement, starting from Plan-Do-Check and Action (PDCA) a) Give an example of PDCA implementation at the educational unit level b) Explain the benefits of implementing quality management, both for customers and for educational institutions/organization. 3. Schools implement quality management so that educational activities run well, and can meet the needs, expectations and satisfaction of customers/society a) Explain the differences between schools that implement the concept of quality management b) Explain the advantages of schools that implement quality management c) Explain the role of the principal so that the implementation of quality management runs well ANSWER: 1. Quality Concept: a) The universal understanding of quality itself is a dynamic idea. While in education, the term quality is what differentiates between success and failure. So that quality can be interpreted as a fundamental problem that will guarantee the development of schools in achieving status amidst the increasingly fierce competition in the world of education. There are two concepts of quality that we can understand, namely quality as an absolute concept and quality as a relative concept. In TQM (Total Quality Management), the definition of quality used is quality as a relative concept. Quality as a relative concept, closely follows customer desires. The relative definition views quality not as an attribute of a product or service, but something that comes from the product or service. The relative definition of quality has aspects of adapting to specifications and meeting customer needs. In the concept of relative quality, something is said to be quality if the final product meets the standard or not, does not have to be expensive and exclusive, but is adjusted to the standard specifications that have been set and is always adjusted to customer needs. It could be that the quality standards currently being used are no longer relevant in the future, so they must always adjust to the quality standards that are developing in society. b) Russel (in Purnama, 2006: 14-15) quoted from a blog article stated that there are two perspectives in defining quality. The first perspective is the producer's perspective which states that the quality of a product is associated with production standards and costs, which means that from the producer's perspective, a product is considered to have quality if it meets specifications and meets cost requirements. Another definition states that from the producer's perspective, quality is a conformance which means the level of conformity of the product or service produced with the design/desires of the producer. In more detail, quality from the producer's perspective can be explained as the physical condition, function and nature of a product that can meet consumer tastes and needs, satisfying the value of the money that has been spent. In a broader sense, Juran defines quality as the overall performance of an organization that is focused on the needs and satisfaction of consumers/customers. From here, quality is perceived as Total Quality Management (TQM). The second perspective is the Consumer's Perspective, where quality is seen and associated with design and price. This means that the quality of a product can be seen from the characteristics of the quality and price that have been determined. Other sources state that there are several factors that influence the quality of a product based on the consumer's perspective, namely performance, features, durability, conformance, and reliability. Performance is the most basic dimension that influences the assessment of the quality of a production of goods/services and is directly related to the main function of a product. Where for each product, performance depends on the value of the function promised by the company. Features are aspects of performance that are useful for adding to the basic functions of a product, this aspect is usually related to product choices and their development. Durability is the resistance or durability of a product seen from the technical and time of use. Conformance shows how far a product can meet certain standards or specifications. Finally, reliability shows the condition or quality of a product that can provide confidence to consumers to choose the product over competing products. c) According to Mujadil, the quality of education is the ability of educational institutions to utilize educational resources to improve learning abilities as optimally as possible. Other sources explain that the quality of education is a pillar that develops Human Resources (HR) where the future of a nation depends on the quality of human excellence in a country. So it can be concluded that the quality of education is the quality of an educational institution in transforming an individual into a superior human being in terms of character, academics and social attitudes of its graduates. There are several indicators in determining whether an educational institution can be said to have quality/quality of education or not. One source states that educational indicators can be grouped into six categories, namely: (1) teacher professionalism; (2) curriculum and learning process; (3) infrastructure and learning resources; (4) assessment of learning and teaching; (5) attractiveness and success of student learning (graduates); (6) development of institutional culture and utilization of the environment. While other sources state that school achievement is the result of the school process or behavior. School performance can be measured by its quality, effectiveness, productivity, efficiency, innovation, quality of work life, it can be explained that school output is said to be of high quality or high quality if school achievement, especially student learning achievement, shows high achievement in academic achievement and non-academic achievement. 2. Plan-Do-Check-Action (PDCA) a) The Plan-Do-Check-Action (PDCA) cycle is a systematic problem-solving step-bystep that is currently widely applied in large companies in Indonesia, but in fact has long been applied in developed countries. To be able to implement PDCA in the context of a spirit of continuous improvement to improve the quality of the organization, it not only requires an understanding of the PDCA concept itself, but also requires an understanding of the knowledge and skills in using quality management tools. An example of PDCA implementation in education starts with educational planning. for example, designing the education costs that will be incurred, the education system that will be used later and so on. The next stage is the implementation of the previously designed education planning. Furthermore, in the process of implementing the education planning, of course, supervision will be carried out, to avoid and minimize errors in the implementation of the design. Based on the results of the supervision carried out on the implementation of the planning, feedback will always be obtained, whether the planning is going according to plan, if not what needs to be fixed or eliminated and so on. This is done in order to achieve the goal of education quality to produce a quality system for educational institutions. b) Quality management is a series of activities in the form of planning, controlling and monitoring to maintain the quality of products or services desired to satisfy customers. An example of a quality management system is ISO 9001. The goal is to ensure that the products or services offered meet the established standards and can meet customer expectations. The benefits of implementing quality management are that it can increase efficiency, productivity and the company's superiority over competitors. Planning, improving, controlling and quality assurance are the main components in the quality management process. 3. Benefits of Implementing Quality Management a) As previously discussed, quality management is a series of activities or activities carried out by implementers or practitioners of education in achieving the quality or quality of the educational institution they are currently occupying. There are several indicators that are the achievement of the quality of education in a school institution, one of which is the achievement of eight National Education Standards (content standards, processes, graduate competencies, educators and education personnel, educational facilities and infrastructure, management, financing and assessment of education). The difference between schools that implement quality management and schools that do not implement quality management is certainly clear and can be seen clearly. One example of the difference is that schools that implement quality management must have large classrooms and complete facilities and infrastructure in accordance with the National Education Standards (SNP). In contrast to schools that do not implement quality management, the eight National Education Standards will certainly not be achieved. b) The advantage of implementing integrated quality management in educational institutions is that these educational institutions certainly have a good name among the community because the quality of their education is good and they have good graduate competencies. In addition, the operational costs incurred will be increasingly minimal due to the planning and management of previous costs and the teaching and educational staff work enthusiastically because with good quality management the employees work efficiently. c) The role of the principal in the implementation of educational quality management in schools is as a supervisor or supervisor of employee performance. The principal supervises the implementers or practitioners of education whether they are doing their work according to plan to then be evaluated for deficiencies that occur in the field to minimize the occurrence of work errors.