Implementation of Learning Models in Inclusive Education

Implementation of Learning Models in Inclusive Education An effective learning model means combining various approaches in learning that are tailored to the needs of students. Learning like this is expected to make the class more lively, challenging and fun. a. Direct learning in the whole class This approach is suitable for introducing various topics. The teacher prepares several questions for students to answer according to their abilities. The teacher can use the class to tell stories or show their work such as making poems, songs, telling stories or making games together. The teacher must try to create a learning strategy with appropriate materials that can accommodate all diversity. In order to encourage all students to be active, the teacher can give different tasks to each group or give the same task with different expected results. b. Individual Learning Individual learning is given to certain students to help them solve their problems such as gifted students by encouraging them to give more challenging tasks. c. Learning for small groups The teacher divides students into small groups using effective strategies that can meet all the needs of students. The teacher can encourage students to work more cooperatively. d. Cooperative learning Cooperative learning occurs when students share responsibility to achieve common goals. Teachers should try to avoid competitive learning. In cooperative learning, teachers play an important role in creating an environment that supports learning activities so that students feel able to solve their own problems and feel appreciated. Cooperative learning can help students improve their understanding and enjoyment of having a positive attitude towards themselves, their group, and their work. Each student should be given the opportunity to develop their various skills. (Sukadari, 2019, pp. 156-157). Example of Implementation of Cooperative Learning in Inclusive Education Learning activities in an inclusive setting will differ in strategies, activities, media, and methods. In an inclusive setting, teachers should be able to accommodate all the needs of students in the class concerned, including helping them gain an understanding that suits their respective learning styles. To create learning that is in accordance with inclusive principles requires teacher creativity in choosing appropriate learning methods. One of the learning approaches that is related to the concept of inclusive education is cooperative learning, because it has several similarities. One form of cooperative learning is "Student Teams-Achievement Division (STAD)" Student Teams-Achievement Division (STAD) is one of the simplest cooperative learning methods, and is the best model for beginners for teachers who are new to using the cooperative approach. STAD is implemented by placing students in study groups of 4 to 6 people, who have different abilities, genders, ethnicities or races. They complete tasks together in their groups. Thus, STAD type cooperative learning can be applied to inclusive education classes. Using STAD to implement cooperative learning in classes with special needs children, with the hope that there will be a change in learning that initially paid less attention to diversity, still centered on gum, into learning that activates all students including children with special needs, and is centered on children. In this way, the inclusive class that is aspired to, such as all students accepting differences, the learning needs of all students can be met, everyone is active and works together effectively and enjoyably, those who are clever sincerely help those who are less clever and those who are less clever are willing to learn from their clever friends, can be realized.