Interpersonal Communication

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION A. Introduction (Hovland, Janis & Kelley: 1953 in Immawati) communication is a process of someone (communicator) conveying stimulus with the aim of changing or shaping the behavior of other people/audience. (Theodorson 1969 (Liliweri 1991:11) in Immawati), expressed communication is the transfer of information from one person or group to another, especially by using symbols. According to (Weaver in Ramadhani) communication is the entire procedure through one person's mind that can influence the minds of others. In line with this (Barnlund, in Ramadhani) said that communication arises driven by the need to reduce uncertainty, act effectively, maintain or strengthen the ego. Communication patterns are a simple description of the communication process that shows the relationship between one component of communication and another. (Agoes Soejanto. 2001 in Bintoro Fachrudin R and Hermawati Tanti) Communication Pattern is defined as a form or pattern of relationship between two or more people in the process of sending and receiving the right way so that the intended message can be understood. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that interpersonal relationships between students and teachers are very much needed by students in helping to achieve student learning goals. Talking about the teaching and learning process, the relationship between students and teachers in communicating is very necessary. If the relationship between students and teachers is not harmonious, it tends to produce poor communication. Communication also determines how humans understand and gain knowledge as a source of knowledge. B. The Nature of Interpersonal Communication between Students and Teachers Interpersonal communication according to (Mulyana (2001) in Immawati) Interpersonal communication is communication between people face to face, which allows each participant to capture the reactions of others directly, both verbally and nonverbally. (De Vito (1995) in Immawati) states that interpersonal communication is communication that takes place between two people who have an undeniable relationship. (immawati muflichah). Interpersonal communication can occur between a child and his father, an employee and another employee, two siblings, a teacher and a student, two lovers, two friends and so on. According to Rogers (in Mulyana, 2001 quoted from Immawati) interpersonal communication is a word of mouth communication that occurs in face-to-face interaction between several individuals. While Barnlund (quoted from Immawati) interpersonal communication is defined as a meeting between two, three, or maybe four people, which occurs very spontaneously and is not structured. The definition of interpersonal communication that has been put forward before, it can be concluded that interpersonal communication is communication between two people that occurs in face-to-face interaction where everyone can capture the reactions of others verbally and nonverbally. So interpersonal communication between students and teachers is communication that occurs in face-to-face interaction in a campus environment that is established directly or indirectly. (Quoted from Ramadhani). Ways of Communication According to Johnson (in Ramadhani), there are two ways for individuals to communicate, namely: 1) Verbal communication, 2) Nonverbal communication. The communication process Johnson (in Ramadhani), states that there are two types of communication processes, namely: 1) One-way communication, 2) Two-way communication. Forms of communication Forms of communication according to Rahmat (2007) in Immawati include: 1) Interpersonal communication, 2) Group communication, 3) Mass communication, 4) Organizational communication. Elements of Interpersonal Communication, Osgoog, Miller, Fleur, JosephDe Vito, Sereno and Vora (Cangara, 2003) in Immawati. Formulate the elements of interpersonal communication, including:1) Source, 2) Message, 3) Media, 4) Receiver, 5) Influence, 6) Feedback, 7) Environment. Types of Interpersonal Communication According to its nature, interpersonal communication can be divided into two types (Cangara, 2003) in Immawati, including: 1) Dyadic Communication, 2) Small group communication. C. Purpose of Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal communication can be used for various purposes that are considered important (Widjaja, 2000 quoted from Hestutyani Putri Sholicha, Siti Fatonah and Muhammad Edy Susilo), including: 1) Getting to know yourself and others, 2) Getting to know the outside world, 3) Creating and maintaining meaningful relationships, 4) Changing attitudes and behavior, 5) Playing and seeking entertainment, 6) Helping others. D. Factors Affecting Interpersonal Communication In communicating, individuals are influenced by several things which ultimately become determining factors in achieving good interpersonal communication. According to Rahmat (2007) in Immawati it would be better if it is based on several factors that influence interpersonal communication, namely: 1) Interpersonal perception, 2) Self-concept, 3) Interpersonal attraction, 4) Interpersonal relationships. Effective Interpersonal Communication De Vito (in, Immawati) put forward 5 characteristics of effective interpersonal communication, namely: 1) Openness, 2) Empathy, 3) Support, 4) Positive behavior, 5) Similarity. E. Interpersonal Communication Patterns According to Effendy, 1989:32 in Ramadhani, Communication Patterns consist of 3 types, namely: 1) One-way Communication Pattern is the process of delivering messages from the Communicator to the Communicant using media or without media, without any feedback from the Communicant in this case the Communicant acts as a listener only. 2) Two-way or reciprocal Communication Pattern (Two way traffic communication) namely the Communicator and Communicant exchange functions in carrying out their functions, the Communicator in the first stage becomes the communicant and in the next stage they take turns in function. However, in essence the one who starts the conversation is the main communicator, the main communicator has a specific goal through the communication process, the process is dialogical, and feedback occurs directly. (Siahaan, 1991 in Ramadhani). 3) Multi-directional Communication Pattern, namely the communication process occurs in a larger group where the Communicator and Communicant will exchange ideas dialogically.