Basic Concept of Quality Standards

Basic Concept of Quality Standards A. Definition of Quality and Integrated Quality of Education Definition of Quality • According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, Quality is a measure of the good or bad of an object, condition, level or degree (skill, intelligence, and so on). • According to Oemar Hamalik, the definition of quality can be seen from two sides, namely the normative and descriptive aspects. In the normative sense, quality is determined based on intrinsic and extrinsic considerations (criteria). Based on intrinsic criteria, the quality of education is a product of education, namely humans who are educated according to ideal standards. Based on extrinsic criteria, education is an instrument for educating, trained workers. In the descriptive sense, quality is determined based on the state of the results of learning achievement tests • According to Feigenbaum (in Abdul Hadis and Nurhayati p. 84) quality is full customer satisfaction. A product is considered quality if it can provide full satisfaction to consumers, namely in accordance with consumer expectations for the products produced. Understanding Integrated Quality in Education • Integrated Quality Management (TQM) in Education according to Edward Sallis is a philosophy of continuous improvement, which can provide a set of practical tools to every educational institution in meeting the needs, desires, and expectations of its customers, now and for the future. • According to Uhar Saputra, quality management can simply be defined as a management activity to manage quality. Meanwhile, according to quality management, it can be said to be an activity of the overall management function that determines quality policies, objectives, responsibilities, and implements them through quality management tools, such as quality planning, quality control, quality assurance, and quality improvement. B. Principles of Integrated Quality Management According to Dean as quoted by Ali Djamhuri (2001:8) the general principles of Integrated Quality Management include: a. Organizations that focus on achieving customer satisfaction (Customer Focus Organization). The organization in this case management must be able to optimize all potential and resources of the organization and existing systems to create activities towards achieving customer satisfaction. Achieving customer satisfaction includes all stakeholders, both within and outside the organization. b. Leadership Leadership is a process of influencing other parties to achieve organizational goals. Therefore, leaders must have a clear vision and mission, so that both can be stated in the policies to be taken. c. Involvement of all organizational participants (People Organization) All components in an organization must be involved. This means that all organizational activities must always strive to make continuous improvements. Improvements are not only from the principal, teachers, administrative staff, but all school communities must have a commitment to make improvements. In other words, all school members must be involved in efforts to provide the best possible service to customers. d. Approach that emphasizes process improvement (Process Approach) Lack of support for information systems and measuring tools for success MMT assumes that the final output of an organization is not merely seen partially, but a long process. The process is carried out consciously by each individual. These activities are also carried out interrelated with each other to produce organizational output. Clearly, graduates or graduates are not merely the product of academic staff, or employees, but involve a process involving academic staff, employees, principals, students, parents, government, the business world, and the wider community, which of course have different proportions from each other. e. Implementation of management using a system approach (System Approach) In the context of an organization, efforts to improve certain processes must be linked to other processes. Therefore, the parties related to the process are inseparable strands. The demand for improving the quality of learning cannot be carried out by teaching staff alone, but must also involve aspects of administration, leadership, facilities, and the creation of an optimal or supportive organization. f. Continuous Improvement (Kaizen) The core of continuous improvement by the leadership is the empowerment of human resources for both educational and administrative staff. Reality shows that not all organizational leaders realize the importance of empowering academic and administrative staff. Leaders often prioritize facility development or facility development. This is indicated by the existence of an education and training budget for both staff that is not at least less balanced compared to the physical development budget. g. Implementation of factual decision making (Factual Appreciation Making) Integrated Quality Management-MMT is based on customer satisfaction. Therefore, the orientation of MMT must be based on the facts desired by customers. On the other hand, satisfaction is related to quality. The implication is that the quality of satisfaction must be measurable and can be monitored at any time. Thus, organizational leaders must be able to create and develop measuring instruments as the success of an institution. C. Benefits of Quality Management There are several benefits of integrated quality management in learning, including: 1) Helping in redescribing the goals and responsibilities of the school. With the implementation of TQM in education, it will help clarify the role of each component of the school. Such as the Principal, Teachers, Students, and Community. 2) Providing assistance in planning comprehensive leadership training for educators at all levels. 3) Comprehensively designing child development. This means that with TQM, it will provide benefits in the design or plan for student development. 4) Improving the performance of the learning process by increasing productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency. D. Objectives of Quality Management Quality management itself has several objectives that are expected to be achieved in the process. Namely: a) Establishing a Vision and Work Standards for members of an organization or business entity b) Building motivation and work culture within the organization or business entity c) Helping to increase trust in the products produced by the company both from members and customers or clients. d) Providing innovation or further development of the company or organization itself. E. Function of Quality Management Quality management functions as a reference or benchmark in managing the quality provided by a company, organization or business entity. This will greatly affect the quality and performance of all members of the company in carrying out their respective duties in order to achieve the goals and vision of the company.