Guidance And Counseling Service Program And Student Problems

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICE PROGRAM AND STUDENT PROBLEMS A. Guidance and Counseling Programs in Schools for Students According to Ahmad Juntika Nurihsan (2015) Guidance programs focus on development and are comprehensive and carried out regularly, planned and systematically based on efforts to help students develop in academic, career, personal and social fields. Guidance programs prioritize efforts to help all students experience growth and development. In the guidance program, a professional and certified counselor is the spearhead in implementing the program. In addition, guidance programs are developed through planning, implementation, assessment and development carried out systematically (Syafaruddin, et al. 2019: 12). The programs organized by guidance and counseling in schools for students are divided into several types of services. Syafaruddin, et al. (2019: 58-), namely: 1) Orientation Services, are services provided by counselors to clients to provide things that are likely to be displayed in the future. 2) Information Services, are services to help clients understand conditions and situations related to something and help increase insight that plays a role in strengthening client preparation to face anything in the future. 3) Placement and Distribution Services, are efforts to help students plan their future while still in school or madrasah and after graduating, choose a further study program as preparation for later holding a certain position. 4) Content Mastery Services, are services provided so that clients can master certain content and then be able to implement it in their daily lives (Prayitno. 2017). 5) Individual Counseling Services, are services provided to each individual to have the opportunity to meet a counselor directly to provide guidance. 6) Group Guidance Services, are services in the form of group activities that provide information and lead to group discussions to help group members achieve common goals (Mungin Eddy Wibowo, 2005). 7) Consultation Services, are services to help solve third-party problems. 8) Mediation Services, are services provided to be a media or third person (neutral position) in resolving disputes or disputes. 9) Advocacy Services, are services provided to help clients find, analyze and reclaim rights that have been lost from them and then taken and given back to the client. B. Guidance and Counseling Services for Developing Students' Talents and Interests For services provided in the implementation of guidance and counseling in schools that aim to develop students' talents and interests are placement and distribution services. Placement and distribution services allow students to obtain placement and distribution of classes, study groups, majors or study programs, training programs, internships, cocurricular/extracurricular activities according to the potential, talents, interests and personal conditions of students, this is done with the aim that students can develop all their talents, interests, and all other potentials. In this service there are two activities, namely placement and distribution. Placement is an activity to analyze, group and determine the right environment for the talents and interests of students. In this activity, students are tested, their potential is seen and given direction to develop and hone their talents and interests. Then for distribution activities, it is an effort from the guidance and counseling party to place, channel/distribute and find an environment and opportunities according to the talents and interests of students so that student development is even better. Placement and distribution services function to develop and activities of placement and distribution services include: 1) Placement of student classes, study programs or majors and extracurricular choices that can support the development of attitudes, habits, abilities, talents, and interests; 2) Assisting in special program activities according to student needs, both teaching and enrichment programs and college entrance selection; 3) Placement and distribution in peer groups, study groups and student organizations as well as school social activities. C. Student Problems and Solutions Gunarsa (1989) summarizes several characteristics of students that can cause various problems in students, namely: 1) Awkwardness in socializing and stiffness in movement. Because there have been striking physical changes 2) Emotional instability so that they often clash with fellow friends. 3) Feelings of emptiness due to changes in views and life guidance. 4) Having an attitude of opposing parents because they already have their own way of thinking. 5) Conflict within themselves is often the root cause of conflicts with parents. Because this is the absence of harmony between desires and special talents. 6) Restlessness because many things are desired, but are unable to fulfill them all. 7) Like experimenting and trying many things. 8) Like exploring. 9) Have lots of fantasies, fantasies, and boasting. 10) Tendency to form groups and tendencies for group activities. Like living in an unsupervised gang so that it is easy to cause delinquency. 11) Doing things that are not in accordance with social and religious norms. 12) Difficult adjustment to society. 13) There is a tendency to be independent but cannot yet manage themselves. 14) Desires that are not in accordance with the family's economy. So it can be concluded that the problems that arise in students can be influenced by two factors, namely internal and external factors. 1) Internal factors, originating from the students themselves such as emotional control, characteristics, nature, and character of students. 2) External factors, can be in the form of their social environment, family economic conditions, and also their school environment. So the solution to solving the problems that exist in students is by a counselor initially seeing, observing, and listening in full to what the complaints of the students are. Then he makes several problem-solving options and students are guided to choose which one is suitable for the decision he must take in solving the problem. For example, there is a child who comes late to school every day, then he goes to the BK and is asked what the problem is. It turns out that the student has to work every night to help his family's economy, so the counselor must be able to provide guidance such as helping the student with scholarships or other government assistance so that he can continue to go to school and not interfere with his focus on education.