HIV-AIDS - Lecture Notes

HIV/AIDS STRUCTURE ENVELOPE ospherical (80-110 mm in size) NUCLEO CAPSID ENVELOPE: HN is an enveloped virus. CÃO CPID PART Hast cell membrane derived. PROTEIN PART Glycoprotein: 120 (gp 120) aly Coprotein: 41 (9P 41) projected as knob like Spikes on the surface Anchoring transmembrone pedicles NUCLEOCASPID made up of core protepil. Inside there is a dense cylindrical innes Core which encloses:- RNA VIRAL ENZYMES CReverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease) Core 900 OP 120 Lipid ENVELOPE Reverse Transcriptase. Matrix STRUCTUGE OF HIV HN Genes 3-Structural genes 3-Non-structural. genes regulato viral replication & diseas patrogrends in vivo -gag gere :-codes for the shell & core of virus (155) P18 2485 PIS (31) -pol gene codes for reverse transcriptase (951) Protease & integrase (P66) (99160) (gp160. env gene ter codes for He envelop glycoprotein 99 120 9p 41 PATHOGENESIS Mode of transmission: Sexual Mode: 75 op of the cases. (Heterosexual Route) most common Route And intercouse has highest Rate of transmissi on tham vaginal intercourse ORAL-Fare. 2 BLOOD TRANSFUSION →Least common (50%) Risk of francmission (90-95%) ③ MUCOSAL TRANSMISSION Needle stick injury, drug abuse and sharing Razor's, plashing of Blued an eyes. PERINATAL MODE Mother to Foetus (20-40%) RECEPTOR ATTACHMENT Main Receptor HIV+gp120 CP4 Receptor (Host) CP4 ore expressed on Helper Tcells. and on monocytes, macrophages, languhan cells, astrocyter, glial cells. 4 Second Co-reception, chemokine Receptor act as Co-receptor for HIV and act by binding to gp120. DESIGN receptor dendritic cell specific lectin present im skin and mucosal surface A can also bind to HIN-1 but does not medinte cell entry. Facilitates transport of HIV is gropioid organ (Frith 1p of HIV in Teels) REPLICATION FPTIL thaly leve Recophy HIV + Host mediated by (fusion prolen op 41/ Penetration & uncoating. NN nucleocapsid Host cell cytoplasm followed by uncoating) and release of 2 copies of (SSRNA and viral enzymes ③ Reverse transcription 3 SSRNA SSDNA so that (DNA-RNA hybrid is formel RNA is degraded by viral endonuclease. and to form ds DIVA. SSDNA replicates Integration Viral dsDNA got integrated viral integruse. Integrated virus = provins to host-cell chromosome mediated Latency In integrated states, establishes latent infection / for varialle period Able to replicate even in latent state and (infectious to neighbouring cells. DISEASE PROGRESSION 80-90% of HIV, individuals are typical progressors" time of approx 10 years. with survival PROGRESSORS DEVELOPS INTO AIDS % PLHA 1- ACUTE HIV DISEASE OR ACUTE RETROVIRAL SYNDROME Following infection, HIV is carried into lyraph nodes and other lymphoid id hissue where multiplication occurs inside Trells. HIV destroys the infected I cells and spills over into blood stream * Cruse VIREMIA" which coincides with an initial Alu-like illness that occurs in patients (50-400%) 3-6 weeks after the primary infection men is significent drop in no of circ. (CD4T cells at this stage 2. ASSYMPTOMATIC STAGE Adequate immune response develop within 1 month in most of the patients Lo Both eff. call mediated immure responce + Humoral. immune Response (CD8 Trells) (HIUSNA) • viremia drops down, CD4 count-Nornal state of "CUNCAL CATENCY not Microbial Latency • MU mf cells still persist in Lymph nodes undergoes VIRAL REPLICATION •Clinical lalency is 10 yours (Few months - 30 year) 0 If latency is (broken, death occurs within 2 yours if left antreated 3. PERSISTENT GENERALISED LYMPHADENOPATHY (PAL) (20-35% of infeded people who are othennise assymptomatic develop lymphadenopathy •POL is defined as enlarged lymph node of more than 1 cm side in two or more non-contiguous sites inat persist for atleast 3 months) •other causes of lymphadenopathies - Lymphoma. (AIPS-Related complex) 4 SYMPTOMATIC HIV Infection. Afte variable period of clomical Intency) CP4T Patient develops • Unexplained diarrher, lasting fox. more tron 1 month. • weight lose (>100%), fatigue, malalse, Night sweat... •mild opportunistic infections such as oral thresh 5. AIDS Patient moves mit advanced story of AIPS. I'm CP4 Tully (<200 cells/pl) High VIRAL LOAP - Lymphoid tissue Fibaroid tissue. ✓oppurtunistic infections set in i to profound immurse suppression. Development of Neoplasia (CNS lyophoma) • HIV Encephalopaths. CHIV induced manifestation HIV int dames To Comphyto dep. of T4 Igrphotos. Reversal T4:18 Rato CHelps: Suppressor CMI Suppression of chion of mf-cells- Funchiom No structral danas Monogto & Mac Immulky abregas. Lymphoperia CD4+ CD8+ Teell Radio Inversion • Altered macapheje/ monocyte funchica •Dec. Cytotoxic Respons OLOSE OF TH