Hookworm Infection

2) HOOKWORM INFECTIONS Imp. cause of Iron-deficieng Anemia... soil transmited Helminths CLASSIFICATION Anglostome duodenale Necator americanus A Chandlers Index: To estimak the morbidit & mortality. MORPHOLOGY 4-R-F Adult, Larvae, & Eg # Anycylostome &. Necator can be differentiated of the morphology) of adult word and third stage larva. Eggs and First stage lorvae of Both are morphologicaly Indistinguishable. Adult worm (7-13mm) in size has a bent in the anterior and. Aby Buccal caprule with teeth & copulatory bursa. (A) (P) LIFE CYCLE Environment (Soil) SITTAMAJ Embryonated eggs Stronglyoile & Hookworn Transmission: skin Penetration Infective forn: La (Filerifera) Penetrates Venous circulation Lungs swallowing of SPUTUM Reach GIT INTESTINE ME Larva Larva develop into adults Fertilizaka Unenbryonated egg in Feres (diagnostic Form) Mode of transmission Penetralia of SKM swallow speturme Migraton phase 3 Venous cire lungs Phong GIT Intestinal phase (₂ x2 = Adult worm alt to int. mussa with buccal capsule. 501L L, (R) hatch out from eggs and her molt twice to develop into L3 Lerme La viable + Mfective. PATHOGENICITY Hookwin suck blood from intestinal vesselsto +Alt and cutting the int wall boy buccal capsule and feety followed sucking the blood throfe contraction of their muscules allophagus, secretry (hadreftir empres Releasing (Anticoagulants which hap to maintain continous oozing of blood from Attachment size ANCYLOSTOMA > NECATOR, Lorged, teeth, migratoy.. Blond loss:- 0-15-0-26 ML/ worml day. (0.03ml/wor/dy) Necator Cutaneous lesion such SKin (ground itch aved by fick & dermatitis enzymes & hyaluronidase secreted by hookware. (Degradation of collage) CLINICAL FEATURES Affect due to Migrating Lorve + CUTANEOUS LESIONS - May occur in previous sensiticel person hf-lorvar may provoke PRURITIC MACULO PAPULAR RASH DERMATITIS Rashes(ground itch) at the site of skin penetration. SERPIGINOUS TRACKS (Subcutor con migration) + MILD TRANSIENT PNEUMONITIS Migratory larvae through Lungs Asthime & Bronchitis. Affect due to Adult worm in Mtestire + ASYNPTOMATIC (most cases EPIGAS TING + EARLY INTESTINAL PHASE - Inf. person my develop PAIN, INFLAMMA Torey DVARRHEA, or oth. Abd-pain along with EOSINOPHILIA LATE INTESTINAL PHASE: Patient dev (Iron def. anemia and (PEM) +resultis foun 8lood loss. + WAKANA DISEASE: when ylarvie of A. duodenale ore ingested by oral route, they migrate to pharynx or devints adult worn in intestine. -GASTRO + Pulmonar symp. are observed. N,V, pharagsel irritation LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS STOOL MICROSCOPY Egop of hookwom oval, 60x40 pm, cov. by thin eggshell -Not Bile stained, apper colourten in salile mount Ovem segmented, 4-32 blastomers Floats n sat-salts Solutior • Ejss are morph-mdistinguishabb. Egg country: No of eggs per grad of stool can be counted to estimat dis buds on 1/C. -kato katz tech •Direct smear method.of. Beave - Modified stoll's dilution egs count method. STOOL CULTURE or call fechyr Harada -Mori Filke paper take method -Baerman Funnel technique -Charcoal culture method - Agar plate technique (more sensitive) TREATMENT *Antiparasitic Antiporanl of 11 Albendazole (400 mg once) of Mebend (500mg once) Efficy. Resistanc *Syroptomat treatment -Mild iron-def anemia con be treated with Coral mos & Folic aut Hosking inf. disea wil protein loss & malabsorptie worants Nut sup/Parastal iron Repl PREVENTION Hygiell •Pop-disp. of foo •Nutrition with In •Treatnt.