Chapter 25 The Industrial Revolution

NAME ___________________ Period ________________ CHAPTER 25: The Industrial Revolution 25.1: The Beginnings of Industrialization I. Industrial Revolution Begins in England A. What is the definition of the Industrial Revolution? B. What were enclosures? How did they lead to changes in farming? C. What was the new method of crop rotation? D. As a result of advancement in farming and growing of livestock, how did the increased supply of food affect England? E. What was industrialization? F. What resources were needed for industrialization to take place? G. How did Britain’s growing economy keep industrialization growing? H. What were the three factors of production that were needed for the Industrial Revolution? II. Inventions Spur Industrialization A. Reading page 719: Why was the textile industry the first industry to experience the Industrial Revolution? B. Where did England get its cotton? What invention increased the amount of cotton that could be harvested? III. Improvements in Transportation/The Railway Age Begins A. How were steam engines used in transportation? B. What was the first railroad used for? C. List 4 examples of how the railroads revolutionized life in Britain: 1. 2. 3. 4. 25.2: Industrialization Case Study: Manchester I. Industrialization Changes Life A. Define urbanization: B. Describe the living conditions in large cities such as Manchester or London: C. What were the working conditions like in the factories? D. Where were the most dangerous working conditions? II. Class Tensions Grow A. How was the middle class divided? B. How was the working class being affected by industrialism? 2 Chapter 25 C. Read page 727, complete the following chart: Effects on Working Conditions  Effects on the Size of Cities      Long Term Effect: Long Term Effect: Effects on Social Classes  Effects on Living Conditions      Long Term Effect: Long Term Effect: D. How did the Factory act of 1819 change child labor? E. How did having so many industrial sites affect the environment in Manchester? 24.3: Industrialism Spreads I. Industrial Development in the United States A. What resources did the United State possess that allowed it to mechanize its industries? B. What industry was the first to mechanize in the USA? How did this process get started? C. Why were young women attracted to factory/mill jobs in towns? D. What was the first region of the US to industrialize in the early 1800’s? 3 Chapter 25 E. How did large US corporations raise money? II. Continental Europe Industrializes A. How did Belgium become industrialized? B. How did Germany link its most important manufacturing cities? C. What did Germany’s industrial strength also allow it to develop? III. The Impact of Industrialization A. How did industrialization shift the balance of power across the world? B. What is imperialism? Why was it needed? C. On what were the economies of most countries in Asia and Africa based? 25.4: Reforming the Industrial World I. The Philosophers of Industrialization A. Define laissez faire. Why were government regulations bad in the view of people who supported laissez faire? B. What were Adam Smith’s laws of economics? 1. 2. 3. 4 Chapter 25 C. What is capitalism? D. Why did Malthus believe that wars and epidemics were good? II. The Rise of Socialism A. What was Jeremy Bentham’s philosophy of utilitarianism? B. How did Mill want to use utilitarianism to improve society? C. What is socialism? What is the government’s role in the economy? D. Compare and contrast Capitalism and Socialism (see chart on p. 737): CAPITALISM SOCIALISM         III. Marxism: Radical Socialism A. Describe the Communist Manifesto of Marx and Engels (what did it say?): 5 Chapter 25 B. What did Marx and Engels feel was the result of the Industrial Revolution? C. What would eventually happen to capitalism, in their view? D. What was communism according to Marx? E. Which 3 historical figures eventually used Marx’s ideas for their own purposes? III. Labor Unions and Reform Laws A. What are unions? B. Why did skilled workers lead the way in forming unions? C. Why did the British government oppose the formation of unions? D. Explain how reformers and unions were able to get laws protecting workers in both Great Britain and the USA: IV. The Reform Movement Spreads A. Other than for moral reasons, why did some people in Britain oppose slavery (think economics)? B. When did the following countries outlaw slavery? USA Puerto Rico Great Britain Brazil Cuba 6 Chapter 25