Patho Final Actual 2025/2026 Questions

NUR 631 ADVANCED PATHO FINAL ACTUAL 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS Vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and less commonly of the toes - Answer -Best describes Raynauds Disease Liver - Answer -Vitamin K is required for normal clotting factor synthesis by what? Gluten sensitive eneropathy - Answer -Characterized by damage to the mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum and impaired secretion of secretin, cholecytokinin, and pancreatic enzymes What causes a person with cystic fibrosis to experience an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency? - Answer -Pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus What factor associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (ciliac sprue) causes an infant to bruise and bleed easily? - Answer -Vitamin K deficiency from fat malabsorption Saliva contains which immunoglobulin? - Answer -IgA Where is the region responsible for motor aspects of speech located? - Answer -Broca frontal lobe Why status epilepticus is considered a medical emergency? - Answer -Cerebral Hypoxia Which condition poses the highest risk for CVA? Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com - Answer -Hypertension Benign, slow growing tumor that arise from cells of anterior pituitary. Commonly secrete GH & prolactin - Answer -pituitary adenoma Permits backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular systole - Answer -Mitral regurgitation Most common etiologic agent is Epstein barr virus - Answer -infectious mononucleosis Slowly progressing blood cell cancer that begins in the bone marrow. - Answer -Chronic melogenous leukemia (CML) 95% have Philidelphia chromosome present. Patient is usually asymptomatic. WBC elevated Cancer of lymphatic system. - Answer -Hodgkin lymphoma May produce free immunoglobulin light chain (Bence Jones protein) that is present in the blood and urine of 80% of patients Treatment for polycythemia - Answer -Phlebotomy How does the body compensate for anemia? - Answer -Kidneys release more erythropoietin What type of anemia is characterized by fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, brittle concave nails, and conjunctive of eyes - Answer -Iron Deficiency The underlying disorder of which anemia is a result of the defective secretion of the intrinsic factor which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 - Answer -Pernicious which is also classified as a megaloblastic anemia Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com Deficiencies in folate and vitamin B12 alter the synthesis of what? - Answer -DNA PFT- pulmonary function test - Answer -The critical criteria for diagnosis of lung function. involves looking at the FEV1/FVC ratio as it will be less than 0.70 Aplastic anemia and pancytopenia develops as a result of? - Answer -Suppression of the bone marrow to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes Unregulated release of thrombin with subsequent fibrin formation and accelerated fibrinolysis - Answer -Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC Example of compensatory hyperplasia - Answer -Liver Regeneration What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate action potential - Answer -Sodium gates open, sodium rises into the cell which changes the membrane potential from negative to positive What type of necrosis is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis? - Answer -Caseous Necrosis Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure - Answer -plasma oncotic When a child inherits a disease that is autosomal recessive, who is it inherited from? - Answer -Both parents are carriers What mechanism can cause hypernatremia? - Answer -Loss of H2O DM Insufficient H2O intake Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? 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Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com hyperonic solution over secretion of aldosterone Cushing Disease Prader-Willi Syndrome - Answer -Inherited from father Constant sense of hunger after age of 2 Obesity behavior problems mental retardation short structure Mechanism that causes Hyperkalemia - Answer -Potassium sparing diuretic hypoaldeosteronism shift from ICF to ECF Metabolic Acidosis Likely cause of Respiratory Acidosis - Answer -Over sedation Brain stem trauma PE, COPD alveolar hypoventilation disorder of lung paranchyma depression of respiratory center When considering WBC differentials acute inflammatory reasons are related to elevations of what leukocyte? - Answer -Neutrophils Osteosarcoma - Answer -Most common type of cancer that starts in the bone The common hayfever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by which class of immunoglobulins? - Answer -IgE Cytokines are thought to cause fevers by stimulating the synthesis of Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? 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Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com which chemical mediators? - Answer -Prostoglandin/ endogenous pyrogens (213) Which cells are primary target for HIV - Answer -Neural cells CD4 macrophages NK cells The mammary gland enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of what type of hormonal event? - Answer -Hormonal Hyperplasia Perceived stress elicits an emotional anticipatory response that begins where? - Answer -Limbic System Paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus The most common site for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location? - Answer -Bone (spine) liver adrenal gland lymph nodes lung Where is the neurotransmitter norepinephrine secreted? - Answer -Sympathetic post ganglion Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is released to stimulate the thyroid hormone and is inhibited when plasma levels are adequate. An example would be? - Answer -Negative Feedback The common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated by what class of immunoglobulins? - Answer -IgE Adosterone directly increases the reabsorption of what? Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com - Answer -Sodium and water What is the action of calcitonin? - Answer -TX of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, metastatic cancer paget bone disease Stops calcium production or reduce the concentration of calcium in the blood inhibits bone reabsorbing osteoclasts Which lab value would the APRN expect to find if a person is experiencing syndrome inappropriate anti diuretic hormone (SIADH) - Answer -ADH is low hyponatremia hypoosmality Crave fluids Somogyi Effect - Answer -hypoglycemia is followed by hyperglycemia A person has acne, truncal obesity, thin extremities, and bruises easily. What is the endocrine diagnosis? - Answer -Cushings Disease Crohns disease vs Irritable bowel syndrome? - Answer -Crohns disease can involve the entire GI tract IBS is restricted to the colon critical criteria for diagnosis: looking for FEV1/FVC ratio which will be less than 0.70 - Answer -PFT (pulmonary function test) indicates stiff lungs requiring extra work to bring in normal volume of air - Answer -Decreased lung compliance Doesnt work as efficiently decreased size of thoracic cavity leading to lower lung volume muscle atrophy Susceptible to COPD Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com - Answer -Aging and the Pulmonary System Congenital Disorder Aorta has mild to severe narrowing near ductus arteriosis Defects are with bicuspid valve and ventricular septal defects - Answer -coarctation of the aorta (CoA) Tricuspid and mitral control blood from upper chambers of the heart to the lower. Pulmonary and Aortic control flow of blood from ventricles to lungs, then out to rest of body - Answer -Heart has 4 valves prevent backflowing into the atria - Answer -mitral valve and tricuspid valve prevent backflow into the right and left ventricles - Answer -pulmonic and aortic valves Sodium and water - Answer -Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of: Tumor impinges on the optic chiasm upward from the stella turcica - Answer -What are the visual disturbances a result of with pituitary adenoma Acromegaly - Answer -Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of GH in adults Low - Answer -How is the level of TSH in individuals with Graves Disease impacted? Low energy and metabolism, low basal metabolic rate, cold intolerance, lethargy, constipation - Answer -Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism Somogyi Effect Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com - Answer -When is hypoglycemia followed by rebound hyperglycemia Decreased calcium levels which creates tetany, muscle cramps, spasms, hyperreflexia, tonic clonic convulsions - Answer -A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid hormone? Antidiuretic hyposecretion - Answer -Diabetes insipidus is a result of Folate and vitamin B/12 - Answer -Which nutrients are necessary for the synthesis of DNA and the maturation of erythrocytes Iron deficeincy - Answer -Which type of anemia is characterized by fatigue, weakness, dypnea, brittle concave nails, and conjunctiva of the eyes Heterophile and antibodies/ IgM - Answer -In infectious mononucleosis what does the monospot test detect Liver - Answer -Vitamin K is required for normal clotting factor synthesis by what? Hemolytic diagnosis of the fetus/newborn that occurs when the system of an RH negative mother produces antibodies to an antigen in the blood of an RH positive fetus which crosses the placental and destroys fetal erythrocytes which is characterized by an increase in circulating erythorblasts and jaundice - Answer -How is erythroblastosis fetalis defined? Microcytic Hypochromic - Answer -Which type of anemia occurs as a result of thalassemia? Angiotensin 11, increased resistance to ventricular ejection, valvular cysts - Answer -Which factor is responsible for hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with HTN Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com Parathyroid edomoma and parathyroid hyperplasia - Answer -A family friend shows a recent lab and would like the findings interpreted: Labs show hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and PTH. What is the cause and risk? Why don't patient with T2 DM generally develope keotacidosis - Answer -Absolute to relative deficiency of insulin and increased levels of insulin counter regulatory hormones. Neurogenic DI/DOVP medication - Answer -You have diagnosed your patient with DI. In order to determine the causative area, the patient is given an ADH like medication. Lab reports this resulted in an increased urine osmolarity. What diagnosis would you give? Low levels TRH, TSH, TH and TRA - Answer -A patient has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism by her physician. According to lab reports it is determined secondary to hypothyroidism. What results support the finding Substantia nigra that produces dopamine - Answer -Tremors at rest, rigidity, akinesia, and postural abnormalities are a result of the atrophy of neurons in the brain's: L5-S1 - Answer -A herniation of which disk will likely result in a motor sensory change of the lateral lower legs and soles of the feet:? Autonomic hyperreflexia - Answer -A man who sustained a cervical spinal cord injury 2 days ago suddenly develops severe HTN and bradycardia. He reports severe head pan and blurred vision. What most likely is the explanation for the clinical manifestation? True - Answer -True or false Gillian Barre syndrome is proceeded by a viral illness Myasthenia Gravis - Answer -In which disorder are acetylcholine receptor antibodies Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com (IgG) produced Dopamine receptor blockade - Answer -Antipsychotic drugs block which neurotransmitter receptor Brief shrill, high pitched cry, loud difficult feedings. excessive sleepiness, irritability, sound when tapping on the scalp and sunken eyes - Answer -What will an infant diagnosed with hydrocephalus be observed to demonstrate Cluster HA - Answer -your patient tells you that she has been waking up for days with severe right side HA, unilateral lacrimation, and nasal congestion. What is the DX Facial Nerve V-11 - Answer -Bells Palsy is due to an inflammation of what cranial nerve Decline in lung function Caused by exposure to crystalline silica (any occupation where the earths crust is disturbed can cause this) - Answer -silicosis is associated with what? Anomaly referring to the combo of 4 related heart defects: ventricular septal defect overriding aorta pulmonary stenosis right ventricular hypertrophy - Answer -Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) An extra blood vessel found in babies before birth and just after birth on an otherwise normal heart. will close on its own in the first few days of life - Answer -patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) Pancreatic glucagone, the hyperglycemic hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans, promotes glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis, lipolysis and ketogenesis - Answer -Hormones that cause hyperglycemia Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com condition that affects the large intestine (colon) and causes problems with passing stool - Answer -Hirschsprung's disease (congenital megacolon) Hemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder in which blood can not clot an x-linked disorder - Answer -Hemophilia A is what kind of inherited disorder Stop calcium production or reduce the concentration of calcium in the blood inhibits bone reabsorbing osteoclasts TX of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, metastatic cancer paget bone disease - Answer -What is the action of calcitonin? Inflammation of the arteries that damage the blood vessel walls and reduce blood flow to the organs - Answer -Arteritis refers to: Sympathetic Nervous system - Answer -What system controls fight or flight Allows CSF to be absorbed into the venous blood of the sinus - Answer -What is the function of arachnoid villi? Prader-Willi Syndrome - Answer -Inherited from father Constant sense of hunger after age of 2 Obesity behavior problems mental retardation short structure Chronic pain disorder Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com A condition where pressure on sensitive points in muscles cause pain in the muscle and sometimes seemingly unrelated parts of the body - Answer -myofascial pain syndrome A disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves - Answer -multiple sclerosis Cuts off the blood supply to the part of the intestine that is affected can lead to a tear in the bowel, infection and death of bowel tissue - Answer -intussusception Condition in which normal rotation does not occur. The malrotated intestine can easily twist due to poor connection - Answer -Periduodenal band (Ladd bands) bowel obstruction occuring when the meconium in childs intestine is thicker and stickier than normal - Answer -Meconium ileus glomerulonephritis - Answer -IgG nephropathies Genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. Caused by absence of dystrophin (a protein that helps keep muscles intact) - Answer -Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) Occurs when a sudden reduction in blood flow to the kidney. Nothing is wrong with the kidney itself. - Answer -Prerenal injury motor disorder of the gut caused by the failure of neural crest cells to migrate completely during development. The resulting aganglionic segment of the colon fails to relax causing a functional obstruction. - Answer -Congenital aganglionic megacolon (hirschsprung disease) A protein that helps keep muscle cells intact - Answer -Dystrophin Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com Most common type of cancer that starts in the bone. Osteosarcoma is most often found in the long bones — more often the legs, but sometimes the arms — but it can start in any bone. - Answer -Osteosarcoma causes of weakened bones include: osteoporosis, tumors, infection and certain inherited bone disorders - Answer -Pathological fractures Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) - Answer -one of the most common forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease. consists of a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary valve stenosis, an overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy Most common type of cancer that starts in the bone - Answer -Osteosarcoma Uric acid crystals can form kidney stones - Answer -Gout conditions are associated with what other complications A nail fungus causing thickened, brittle, crumbly or raggedy nails - Answer -Onychomycosis Highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and children. Usually appears as red sores on the face. Sores may burst and develop honey-colored crusts. - Answer -Impetigo prodromic viral enanthem of measles manifesting two to three days before the measles rash itself. characterized as clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa and ar pathognomonic for measles - Answer -Koplik spots Psoriasis on the scalp produce thick, silvery scales. Scales Seborrheic dermatitis are usually thinner and more likely to be white of yellow with greasy appearance - Answer -Difference of psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratosis Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com Psoriasis on the scalp produce thick, silvery scales. Scales Seborrheic dermatitis are usually thinner and more likely to be white of yellow with greasy appearance - Answer -Difference of psoriasis, seborrheic and actinic keratosis classic radiographic appearance of multiple myeloma - Answer -Punched out lesions on an xray Cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell - Answer -Multipe myeloma two genes that have been identified as playing roles in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. They are tumor suppressor genes that normally control cell growth and cell death - Answer -BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations Cancer of the lymphatic system (part of the immune system) - Answer -Hodgkin Lymphoma Neutrophis are very active and generally the first to attack bacteria at the site of injury Eosinophils are sensitive to allergens and increase during allergy season - Answer -Eosiniphils vs Neutrophils an enlargement of the veins within the scrotum - Answer -varicocele Type of swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding the testicle - Answer -Hydrocele Estrogen levels peak towards the end of the follicular phase. Causes a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) last 24-36 hours results in the rupture of the ovarian follicles causing the oocyte to be released from the ovaries. - Answer -Causes of ovulation Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com When a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord that brings blood to the scrotum. The reduced blood flow causes pain and swelling - Answer -testicular torsion hormonal disorder common among women of reproductive age. have infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods or excess male hormone. May fail to release eggs - Answer -polycystic ovary syndrome Undescended testicle. Risk for testicular cancer - Answer -Cryptorchidism twitching of the facial muscles in response to tapping over the area of the facial nerve Can be a positive sign for: hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis. - Answer -Chovstek and Trousseau cells of the kidney that secret renin and protein responsible for maintaining ion and blood pressure homeostasis The control of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion occurs at this site - Answer -juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) 50 % - Answer -What is the recurrence of autosomal dominant diseases 25% - Answer -What is the recurrence of autosomal recessive diseases During pregnancy or breastfeeding - Answer -Passive-acquired immunity is produced when? The hormones calcitriol, calcitonin and parathyroid regulate body calcium. Calcitriol raises the level of phosphate in the blood by promoting its absorption by the intestine. Calcitriol's effect on both Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com phosphate and calcium, therefore, is to increase levels. - Answer -What is the relationship between calcium and phosphate regulation? High PaCO2 + high HCO3‾ = partially compensated respiratory acidosis - Answer -Metabolic acidosis with partial resp compensation Calcium Insulin administered with glucose: Facilitates the uptake of glucose into the cell, which results in an intracellular shift of potassium Diuretics: Cause potassium loss through the kidney Binding resins: Promote the exchange of potassium for sodium in the gastrointestinal (GI) system Magnesium sulfate: Has been successfully used to treat acute overdose of slow-release oral potassium - Answer -Treatment of Hyperkalemia systemic lupus erythematosus An inflammatory disease caused when the immune system attacks its own tissues. - Answer -SLE (lupus) Type I (Anaphylaxis) Reactions Type II (Cytotoxic) Reactions Type III (Immune Complex) Reaction Type IV (Cell-Mediated) Reaction (delayed type hypersensitivity) - Answer -IgE mediated hypersensitivity Types The disease is mainly caused by a lack of a slippery substance in the lungs called surfactant - Answer -Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a newborn (RDS) Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com Spirometry is the main technique for testing lung function. Findings may range between normal values and obstructive or restrictive patterns with marked decreases in FEV1 and FVC - Answer -Silicosis pulmonary function test results Fibrous stalks of peritoneal tissue. Condition in which normal rotation does not occur. The malrotated intestine can easily twist due to poor connection - Answer -Periduodenal band (Ladd bands) Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL), Multicentric Castleman's Disease (MCD) - Answer -Human Herpes Virus (HHV) 8: what disease(s) does it cause A genetic condition in which a male is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome small testes reduced testosterone - Answer -Klinefelter's syndrome A softening and weakening of bones in children, usually due to inadequate vitamin D - Answer -Rickets disease Pentamer shaped antibody that occasionally gets stuck in small blood vessels - Answer -IgM Class of antibody that is most common in the blood and can cross the placenta - Answer -IgG Class of antibody responsible for allergic reactions - Answer -IgE Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com Low because the pituitary gland will try to compensate for the excess T3 and T4 hormones in the blood. - Answer -How is the level of TSH in individuals with Graves Disease impacted? Knee to chest position which will increase systemic vascular resistance, and to administer oxygen. - Answer -Tetralogy of Fallot: Relief of Hypoxic Spells one of the most common forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease. consists of a ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary valve stenosis, an overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy - Answer -Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF Cor pulmonale back flow of blood into venous system -jugular vein dystention - Answer -Right heart failure Left heart failure Right ventricular infarct Tricuspid or pulmonary valve disease Pulmonary hypertension Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pulmonary Embolus - Answer -Causes of right sided HF most common cause is a congenital malformation not often seen in adults - Answer -Pulmonary stenosis dyspnea on exertion SOB chest pain syncope fatigue - Answer -symptoms of pulmonary stenosis Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! 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Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com Angiotensin 11 increased resistance to ventricular ejection valvular cysts - Answer -Which factor is responsible for hypertrophy of the myocardium associated with HTN inflammation in the arteries that damages the blood vessel walls, and reduces the blood flow to the organs - Answer -Arteritis characterized by inflammation of the walls of your aorta and its upper branches - Answer -Takeyasu's Arteritis infection of your superficial temporal artery and the other arteries supplying blood to your head, eyes, and jaw - Answer -Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) Kussmaul disease inflammation of the medium and smaller arteries that carry blood from your heart to your organs and tissues - Answer -Polyarteritis Nodosa (PN) Takeyasu's Arteritis Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) Polyarteritis Nodosa (PN) - Answer -Types of Arteritis In response to an unknown trigger, the immune system may begin producing antibodies that instead of fighting infections, attack the body's own tissues. - Answer -Auto immune disease Lupus Rhuematoid Arthritis Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? 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Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com MS Diabetes T-1 Guillain-Barre syndrome - Answer -Examples of some auto immune diseases Pancreatic glucagon, the hyperglycemic hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans. - Answer -Hormones that cause hyperglycemia maintains blood pressure, blood volume and tissue water content - Answer -antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the hypothalamus - Answer -Where is ADH made ADH constantly regulates and balances the amount of water in your blood. - Answer -ADH..... is also called arginine vasopressin A disorder of water metabolism caused by a deficiency of ADH, also called vasopressin Urinalysis reveals most colorless urine of low osmolality and low specific gravity (less than 1.005) rare disorder that occurs when a person's kidneys pass an abnormally large volume of urine that is insipid—dilute and odorless - Answer -Diabetes insipidus calcitonin lasix and hydration exrete Ca phosphorus-binds to Ca surgery-removal of tumor - Answer -hyperparathyroidism treatment Hemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder in which blood can not clot an x-linked recessive disorder - Answer -Hemophilia A is what kind of inherited disorder Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com The circle of Willis thereby serves a safety valve function for the brain, allowing collateral circulation (or flow of blood through an alternate route) to take place if the flow is reduced to one area - Answer -What does the circle of willis do? Allows CSF to be absorbed into the venous blood of the sinus - Answer -What is the function of arachnoid villi? An immune system disorder that affects the CNS, causing inflammation and loss of nerve fibres (degeneration of nerves), has genetic and environmental components - Answer -What is multiple sclerosis? A chronic pain disorder. In this condition, pressure on sensitive points in your muscles (trigger points) causes pain in the muscle and sometimes in seemingly unrelated parts of your body - Answer -Mysofacial pain syndrome X-linked recessive pattern. Males have only one copy of the X chromosome from their mother and one copy of the Y chromosome from their father. If their X chromosome has a DMD gene mutation, they will have Duchenne muscular dystrophy - Answer -Mode of Inheritance for Duchenne muscular dystrophy The acute disease may be caused by infections such as strep throat - Answer -IgG nephropathies (glomerulonephritis) a gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is a chronic disorder of the digestive tract that results in an inability to tolerate gliadin, the alcohol-soluble fraction of gluten - Answer -Celiac sprue (celiac disease) nausea and vomiting, which usually get better over time. internal bleeding, which can lead to blood clots forming. leaking from where the stomach has been closed. acid reflux, where stomach acid leaks back up into the oesophagus. infection. - Answer -Complications after partial GastrectomY a cell that secretes the matrix for bone formation Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! 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Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com - Answer -Osteoblasts are multinucleated cells which play a vital role in bone development and regeneration - Answer -Osteoclasts are Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone doesn't keep up with the removal of old bone - Answer -Osteoporosis An inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine and large joints - Answer -ankylosing spondylitis is caused by a buildup of bilirubin, a waste material, in the blood An inflamed liver or obstructed bile duct can lead to jaundice - Answer -Jaundice Causes a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus spread when people come in contact with the blood, open sores, or body fluids of someone who has the hep B virus - Answer -Hepatitis B bone pain, pathologic fractures, weakness, anemia, infection (often pneumococcal), hypercalcemia, spinal cord compression, and renal failure. - Answer -presentation of multiple myeloma Cancer of the part of the immune system called the lymphatic system Tests may include X-ray, CT and PET scan - Answer -Hodgkin's lymphoma an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com purplish, often itchy, flat-topped bumps, developing over several weeks - Answer -Lichen planus A nail fungus causing thickened, brittle, crumbly, or ragged nails. - Answer -onychomycosis A skin rash triggered by a reaction to food, medicine, or other irritants. - Answer -Urticaria (hives) pre-cancerous skin growth (actinic keratosis), from sun exposure Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease. It can cause skin cells to grow so quickly that they accumulate on the surface of the skin Seborrheic dermatitis is a skin condition that can cause rough, scaly skin on the scalp and face. The common name for seborrheic dermatitis is dandruff. - Answer -Difference between psoriasis seborrheic keratoses actinic keratosis A low level of haptoglobin in the bloodstream is a sign of hemolytic anemia. An accumulation of bilirubin in the blood stream causes jaundice - Answer -hemolytic anemia X-linked recessive pattern - Answer -Hemophelia A is inherited via which genetic mechanism? Laryngospasms - Answer -Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication? Orthopenea - Answer -Sitting up in a forward-leaning position generally relieves which breathing disorder? Urodilatin is stimulated by a rise in blood pressure and an increase in Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com extracellular volume Urodilatin inhibits sodium and water reabsorption When the circulating volume and increased blood pressure are increased, the distal tubule and collecting duct produces urodilatin (a natriuretic peptide) - Answer -Purpose of Urodilation Renin Erythropoietin Calcitriol (1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D3) - Answer -Hormones produced by the kidneys Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) - Answer -Bronchiolitis tends to occur during the first years of life and is most often caused by what type of infection? Cor pulmonale - Answer -What medical term is used for a condition that results from pulmonary hypertension, creating chronic pressure overload in the right ventricle? Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries. - Answer -The glomerular filtration rate is directly related to what? An undescended testicle One of the main risk factors for testicular cancer - Answer -cryptorchidism is a fluid-filled sac that grows in the epididymis - Answer -spermatocele Decreases Blood pressure by removal of sodium ions and water - Answer -Urodilatin Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com Calcium - Answer -Common kidney stone mineral Smoking Aromatic amines High levels of arsenic in drinking water - Answer -Risk factors for bladder and kidney cancer Medications such as calcium, insulin, glucose, and sodium bicarbonate are temporizing measures - Answer -treatment of hyperkalemia in renal failure