Chapter 8: Europe - Study Guide

CHAPTER 8- EUROPE - STUDY GUIDE globalzation and diversity 1. List the countries of Europe known as the Benelux countries. The countries in Europe that are known as the Benelux countries are Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxemburg 2. Which countries are located on the Iberian peninsula? The countries located on the Iberian peninsula are Spain and Portugal. 3. Which countries are located on Scandinavian peninsula? The Scandinavian Peninsula includes Norway, Sweden and Finland. 4. What are the “polders”? The polders are low-lying areas of land reused from oceans or rivers through drainage systems. They’re found in the Netherlands, Belgium & Germany 5. What are the major environmental issues in Europe? What would be the main causes of climate change in Europe? The major environmental issues in Europe are acid precipitation, global warming, air pollution, greenhouse gasses and water pollution. The main cause of climate change in Europe is due to agriculture, resource extraction, industrial manufacturing, and urbanization. 8. What parts of Europe are prone to earthquakes and volcanism? The Balkan and Meditteranean countries, especially Greece. 10. Which countries in Europe are part of European lowlands? The countries that are part of the European lowlands are the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany and Poland. 11. Locate the following physical features: Pyrenees, Alps, Carpathians, Dinaric Alps, and Apennines, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Baltic Sea, North Sea, Black Sea, Rhine, Loire, Thames, Danube, and Elbe. ● Pyrenees - Between Spain & France and include the microstate of Andora ● Alps - France to Eastern Austria ● Carpathians- in Central and Eastern Europe, spans across several countries such as Romania, Ukraine, Poland, and Slovakia ● Dinaric Alps- western part of the Balkan peninsula and stretches from Slovenia to Albania ● Apennines - South of the Alps, mainly in Italy ● Atlantic Ocean- west of the continent Europe, borders Portugal, Spain France and the United Kingdom ● Mediterranean Sea- South of Europe, borders France, Italy, Greece and Turkey ● Baltic Sea- Northern Europe, borders Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, & Denmark ● North Sea- NorthWestern Europe, bordered by the United Kingdom, Denmark, Norway, Germany and the Netherlands ● ● ● ● ● Black Sea- Eastern Europe, bordered by Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia Rhine- in Switzerland Loire- Central France Thames- in England, United Kingdom Danube- flows east and south, rising in the Black Forest of Germany a few miles from the Rhine River and running southeastward to the Black Sea ● Elbe- Central Europe through Germany and Czech Republic 12. What is a fjord? A fjord is a long, deep, narrow body of water that reaches far inland. Fjords are often set in a U-shaped valley with steep walls of rock on either side. 13. How does the area of Europe compare to the area of United States? The area of Europe compares to the area of the U.S.A because Europe is slightly smaller at 3,930,000 miles while the US is at 3,796,742 miles 15. What are the climate regions in Europe? The three major climate regions in Europe are marine west coast climates modified by large masses of water such as the ocean and lakes that are moderate and moist, continental climates with hotter summers and colder winters, and mediterranean climates with extremely dry summers. 16. Which countries of Europe are most likely to be experienced by droughts? The countries most likely to experience droughts are Spain, Italy, and Greece. 17. Which countries in Europe have the largest population? Characterize Europe in terms of RNI, population density(which subregion has the highest density) and urbanization? . The countries in Europe with the largest population are Russia, Turkey Germany and France. The RNI is decreasing for multiple countries especially Germany and Italy. Germany forecast to lose 6 million people by mid-century and Italy 2 million. Numerous smaller European countries (such as Latvia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Portugal) are also projected to have smaller populations in the coming decades. The subrejion with the highest population density is Monaco. urbanization: Belgium and the UK 18. Who were the guestworkers? They are the migrants and foreigners, particularly coming from Western Germany 19. Describe three different historical city landscapes in Europe? - Medieval (900–1500CE): densely settled; buildings next to streets; green space only near churches and public squares - Renaissance–Baroque (1500–1800):wider streets, large gardens,monuments, open space; ornate architecture - Industrial (1800–present): walls, fortifications removed; industrial areas built at the edge of cities; urban sprawl developed 20. What are the major language families in Europe? Which languages belong to these groups? major language families: Germanic: German, English, Dutch, Scottish, Norwegian, Danish, Icelandic (North of Alps). Romance, belongs to Italian, French, SPanish, Portuguese, Catalonia Romanian (Southern countries) and Slavic 21. Which languages are the most widely spoken? The languages most widely spoken are English, Spanish, French, German, Italian and Russian 21. When was the first partition (schism)in Roman Catholic Church? 1054 due to the schism between Western and Eastern Christianity 22. What was the population of Jews in Europe before World War II and what is now? Befroe World war II: 6 mil Now: 1 million 31. Which European countries are mainly secularized? France, Czech Republic, Sweden, Netherlands, Estonia 32. When was the next split in Catholic church? The next split was in the 16th century 34. Define irredentism. The process by which a part of an existing state breaks away and merges with another, whereas in secession merging does not take place 35. Describe geopolitical changes in Europe after I World War and II World War. pg277 Geopoltical changes: Central Europe was dominated by the German, Austro-Hungarian (or Hapsburg), and Russian empires. Following World War I, these empires were largely replaced by a mosaic of nation-states. More border changes followed World War II, largely as a result of the Soviet Union’s turning the area into a buffer zone between itself and western Europe. With the demise of Soviet hegemony in 1990, further political change took place. 36. What is NATO and what was the Warsaw Pact? NATO- the north atlantic treaty organization is an alliance between countries in Europe and North America (Western Europe) Warsaw Pact- Eastern Europe, specifically the Soviet Union Both stockpiled weapons, waged propoganda war, and raised fears 37. What was the Cold War? What was the “Iron Curtain”? ● The Cold War is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions, propaganda, acts of espionage or proxy wars waged by surrogates. This term is most commonly used to refer to the American-Soviet Cold War of 1947–1991. ● The “Iron Curtain” specifically refers to the imaginary line dividing Europe between Soviet influence and Western influence, and symbolizes efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and non-Soviet-controlled areas. includes Poland, Estearn Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania and the Soviet Union 39. What was the evolution of European Union? pg 282 The evolution of the European Union was that it moved even further into the region’s affairs by establishing regulations on agricultural products and pricing. In 2004, the EU expanded beyond its core membership in western Europe by adding 10 new states, including former Soviet-controlled communist satellites from eastern Europe. These new members—Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Malta, and Cyprus—brought the total to 25. Bulgaria and Romania were admitted in 2007 and Croatia in 2013, resulting in the current 28 EU countries. 40. How many countries belong to the European Union? 28 countries belong to the European Union