University:
College
Course:
College Nursing
Academic year:

2023
Views:

19

Pages:

2
Author:

Ramy S

Side effects of combined oral contraceptive pills 1. Spotting: mostly due to inappropriate hormone content of the pill. 2. Breakthrough Bleeding: inter-menstrual bleeding during the course of pill taking. 3. Hypomenorrhoea: lt is common with OCP as gestagens cause glandular atrophy. 4. Amenorrhea: during intake or after stopping the pills 5. Thrombo-embolic Disorders: increased due to increased platelet adhesiveness, increased level of factor ll, Vll, lX, and X. 6. Hypertension (HTN):increased incidence in predisposed patients after prolonged use 7. Diabetes mellitus 8. Liver: transient impairment of liver functions is not uncommon 9. Effect on Lactation: decreased milk production & quality protein, only with COCs Contraindications of combined oral contraceptive pills Absolute contraindications: 1. Thrombophlebitis or thromoembolic disease. 2. History of DVT. 3. Coronary heart disease. 4. Cerebrovascular accidents or strokes. Relative Contraindications 1. Superficial thrombophlebitis. 2. Varicose veins. 3. Migraine headache. 4. Hypertension. 5. Diabetes mellitus. Management of missed IUD a) If IUD is intrauterine; leave it in place if there is no other indication for removal. b) If IUD is not detected by TVS; a plain X-ray to the abdomen and pelvis is performed: ►Absence of IUD on plain x ray denotes expulsion outside the body A new IUD may be inserted if the patient asked for one ►Presence of IUD on plain x ray denotes perforation and presence inside abdominal or pelvic cavity. Such cases are managed by removal of the IUD via laparoscopy or laparotomy, as its presence will provoke an inflammatory reaction leading to peritoneal, omental, and intestinal adhesions, and / or injury.