University:
College
Course:
College Nursing
Academic year:

2023
Views:

223

Pages:

2
Author:

Ramy M.

Beta Blockers in Summary Members Actions Uses CVS: Negative inotropic, Negative chronotropic Slow AV conduction, ↓ COP, ↓ renin angiotensin aldosterone system Non selectiveβ blockers: Propranolol Timolol β1 selective blockers: Atenolol Acebutolol Metoprolol Side effect • Angina pectoris • Myocardial • Hypertension • Heart Failure • Cardiac tachyarrhythmias Bronco: Bronchoconstriction. Eye:↓ IOP (e.g., Timolol). • Heart failure • Bradycardia • Heart block • Hypotension • Cold extremities Bronchospasm Glaucoma Blocks catecholamine- induced tremor CNS Sedation, Fatigue, Nightmares, Depression Hypersensitivity Reaction. Withdrawal Phenomenon up regulation of B-receptors Intrauterine growth retardation Impotence • Anxiety • Essential tremor • Migraine headache Metabolic: Nonselective delay recovery from hypoglycemia. Non-selective: ↓HDL, ↑LDL. ↑triglycerides. β1selective antagonists improve serum lipid profile. Hypoglycemia Hyperlipidemia ▪ Hepatic portal hypertension ▪ Esophageal variceal bleeding ▪ Hyperthyroidism Pheochromocytoma (Tumor of Adrenal Medulla) Combined alpha and beta blockers Members Labetalol Carvedilol Actions Vasodilator Antioxidant Uses • • • • • Pheochromocytoma Hypertensive emergency Hypertension Heart failure Improve lipid profile and blood glucose Alpha Blockers in Summary Members Selectiveα 1- blockers Prazosin Tamsulosin Selective a2 blocker Actions ↓ peripheral vascular resistance and BP by relaxation of both arterial & venous smooth muscle with minimal changes in COP. Relax smooth muscle of bladder neck and prostate and improve urine flow Uses • • • • Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction Hypertension Heart Failure Benign prostatic hyperplasia Yohimbine NonSelective α blockers Phenoxybenz amine Phentolamine Block al- and a2- receptors (Block is irreversible & noncompetitive) Treatment of pheochromocytoma, prior to surgical removal of tumor ↑ sympathetic outflow to periphery Sexual stimulant sympathetic. Relieve vasoconstriction associated with Raynaud's disease Side effect • • • • • • • Orthostatic hypotensive First dose phenomenon Sodium and fluid retention Nasal congestion Dizziness Headache Drowsiness Less cardiovascular side effects • Reflex tachycardia (↓ peripheral resistance) • ↑ COP (by blocking presynaptic inhibitory a2 heart). • Postural hypotension • Nasal stuffiness • Inhibition of ejaculation • Trigger’s arrhythmias or anginal pain. Contraindicated in CNS and cardiovascular conditions because it is a CNS and cardiovascular stimulant