Cardiovascular Pathology Quiz MCQs

PATHOLOGY Semester 2 , CVS , Lecture 1 MCQ CVS Pathology - Lecture 1 - MCQ Dr Mustafa Elsudani 1. Which of the following is an example of active hyperemia:a) Hemorrhagic disease b) Inflammation c) Fatty liver d) Leg after delivery e) Cloudy swelling of the kidney 2. Which of the following represents active hyperemia:a) A 21 year old medical student who develops a red hot face after being asked a question in the lecture b) A 69 year old male patient who died due to right sided heart failure and had a nutmeg liver c) A patient with mitral stenosis whose lungs show brown induration d) A 6 year old boy who develops severe pain due to testicular torsion e) A 71 year old female patient who developed hemorrhage due to Vit C deficiency 3. Congestion is:a) Active dilatation of veins and venules b) Passive dilatation of veins and venules c) Active dilatation of arterioles d) Active hyperemia e) Active dilatation of the heart 1 4. Congestion means:a) Active process in which arteriolar dilation leads to increased blood flow b) Passive process resulting from reduced outflow of blood from a tissue c) Severe and generalized edema d) Fluid collections in peritoneal cavity 5. A 55 year old female patient is complaining of generalized pitting edema starting at her lower limbs. On physical examination there was cyanosis, congested neck veins and enlarged congested liver. The most probable diagnosis is:a) Nephrotic syndrome b) Right sided HF c) Protein losing enteropathy d) Filariasis e) Acute diffuse glomerulonephritis 6. All of the followings are general effects of right sided HF except:a) Congested neck veins b) Cyanosis c) Congestion of all organs except lungs d) Cardiac edema 7. Dilatation of blood channels in the center of liver lobules with shrinkage of liver cells in this area is seen as:a) Acute active congestion b) Acute passive congestion c) Chronic passive congestion d) Chronic active congestion e) None of the above 2 8. In a patient with chronic right ventricular failure, the usual pathologic change which occurs in the liver is:a) Acute inflammation b) Congestion c) Edema d) Hemorrhage e) Infarction 9. Chronic passive congestion of the liver “Nut meg liver” most often results from:a) Right sided HF b) Liver cirrhosis c) Hepato-renal failure d) Left sided HF e) Portal HTN 10.Nut-meg liver is defined as:a) Fatty liver b) Acute venous congestion of the liver c) Amyloid liver d) Chronic venous congestion of the liver e) Cloudy swelling of the liver 11.On examination of a liver slide by microscope you found liver cell necrosis around dilated central veins. This lesion is most likely called:a) Nutmeg liver b) Liver necrosis c) Fatty change liver d) Amyloid liver e) Toxemia of liver 3 12.Post mortem examination of a case reveals bilateral edema of lower limbs and Nutmeg liver. In such case one would also expect to find:a) Pulmonary embolus. b) Right side heart failure. c) Portal vein thrombosis. d) Biliary cirrhosis. e) Splenic amyloidosis. 13.All of the followings would be expected in liver with chronic venous congestion except:a) Increased weight of liver b) Nutmeg pattern. c) Central zonal necrosis of liver lobules. d) Increased size of liver e) Wrinkled capsule 14.Which of the followings is true for nutmeg liver:a) This is the gross description of the liver in case of hepatic amyloidosis b) It is the microscopic description of the liver in hepatic bilharziasis c) It is a gross state of yellow and dark red mottling of the liver due to passive congestion d) It is extensive iron deposition in hepatocytes e) It is a caseating granuloma of the liver 4 15.A 49 year old man with right sided heart failure. He develops the followings except:a) Nut meg liver b) Edema of lower limb c) Cyanosis d) Dilatation of right ventricle e) Lung congestion 16.In chronic venous congestion of the lung, alveolar spaces contain:a) Red cells b) Heart failure cells c) Transudate fluid d) Hemosiderin granules e) All of the above 17.Lung with chronic venous congestion with brown pigment in alveolar macrophages. This pigment is most likely:a) Hematin b) Melanin c) Carbon particles d) Hemosiderin e) Lipofuscin 18.The lungs of a patient with mitral stenosis may contain numerous hemosiderin-laden cells within the alveoli. These cells are called:a) Endothelial cells b) Pneumocytes c) Heart failure cells d) T-lymphocytes e) Eosinophils 5 19.Heart failure cells are present within the alveoli as a result of:a) Petechial hemorrhage. b) Ecchymosis c) Purpura. d) Active hyperemia. e) Passive congestion. 20.Heart failure cells are indicative of:a) Right sided heart failure b) Pulmonary stenosis c) Pulmonary embolism d) Pulmonary venous congestion e) Myocardial infarct 21.Which of the following statements is true for heart failure cells:a) They’re pulmonary macrophages engulfing hemosiderin in cases of lung congestion b) They’re macrophages engulfing necrotic material in cases of myocardial infarction c) They’re dead myocardial cells caused by heart failure d) They’re stem cells that regenerate the myocardium in cases of heart failure e) None of the above 22.Three major factors that predispose to thrombosis are:a) Decreased blood viscosity, accelerated blood flow and endothelial damage b) Increased blood viscosity, accelerated blood flow and endothelial damage c) Endothelial damage, increased blood viscosity and diminished blood flow d) Fibrinolysis, fibrinoid necrosis of vessel wall and atherosclerosis e) Disintegration of WBCs lysosomes, thrombocytopenia and bacteremia 6 23.As regard Virchow’s triad:a) It describes the pathogenesis of congestion b) It describes the pathogenesis of thrombosis c) It describes the pathogenesis of hyperemia d) Healthy intima is one of its components e) Anemia is one of its causes 24.As regards thrombosis, Virchow’s triad includes the following except:a) Endothelial injury b) Stasis or turbulent blood flow c) Hypercoagulability of blood d) Thrombocytopenia 25.Thrombosis is caused by:a) Rough intima b) Decreased platelets c) Decreased plasma heparin d) Neutropenia e) Anemia 26.The factors predisposing to thrombosis include:a) Smooth intima b) Slow blood flow c) Anemia d) Rapid flow e) Diluted blood 7 27.Thrombosis is caused by all of the following except:a) Increased blood viscosity b) Venous stasis c) Increased number of blood platelets d) Roughening of endothelial lining of blood vessels e) Vasodilatation 28.Which of the following isn’t associated with thrombosis:a) Activation of thrombosis mechanism b) Endothelial damage c) Formation of platelets aggregates d) Thrombocytopenia e) Vascular stasis 29.Disorders leading to change in blood elements that predispose to thrombosis include all of the following except: a) Delivery. b) Operation. c) Polycythemia Rubra Vera. d) Leukemia. e) Vitamin K deficiency 30.These factors predispose to venous thrombosis except:a) Operations b) Right sided HF c) Anti-coagulant therapy d) Polycythemia e) Varicose veins 8 31.Which of the followings has no relation to thrombus formation:a) Increased platelet number b) Polycythemia c) Aneurysmal sacs and varicose veins d) Atheroma e) Normal leucocytic count 32.The following are factors in venous thrombosis except:a) Endothelial damage b) Increased viscosity of blood c) Decreased plasma proteins d) Increased fibrinogen 33.The commonest site of thrombus formation is:a) Heart b) Capillary c) Large artery d) Vein e) Small artery 34.Venous thrombosis can occur in all of the followings except:a) Postoperative state b) After delivery c) Severe burns d) Anemia e) Prolonged bed ridden 9 35.A thrombus in vein is called:a) Mural thrombus b) Ball-valve thrombus c) Vegetation d) Phlebothrombosis e) None of the above 36.Thrombophlebitis is:a) Venous thrombosis b) Thrombosis of inflamed vein c) Thrombosis of inflamed artery d) Thrombosis in a vein due to blood stagnation 37.Three days after a labor a 20 year old lady presented with swollen tender leg. The possible diagnosis is:a) Hyperemia of the leg b) Venous embolization of the leg c) Septic shock d) Deep venous thrombosis of the leg e) Blood clot 38.Which of the following is most closely associated with deep vein thrombosis:a) Prolonged bed rest b) Always accompanied by thrombocytopenia c) Its commonest location is lower esophagus d) Also termed varicocele e) None of the above 10 39.Which of the following is true about post-operative thrombosis:a) It may result from stasis and venous compression due to bed rest b) It affects arteries more commonly than veins c) It results from massive increase of leucocytic count d) All of the above e) None of the above 40.Thrombosis over the left ventricle is called:a) Mural thrombus b) Auricular thrombus c) Vegetation d) Phlebothrombosis e) None of the above 41.A thrombus over the heart valve is called:a) Mural thrombus b) Ball-valve thrombus c) Vegetation d) Phlebothrombosis e) None of the above 42.Vegetations mean:a) Thrombi on heart valves b) Arterial thrombi c) Venous thrombi d) Capillary thrombi 11 43.All are the fate of thrombosis except:a) Organization b) Hyperemia c) Fragmentation d) Calcification e) Recanalization 44.Which of the followings are fates to thrombosis:a) Embolization b) Organization and recanalization c) Fragmentation d) Calcification e) All of the above 45.The followings are good fates of thrombus except:a) Lysis. b) Recanalization. c) Retraction. d) Embolization. e) Organization. 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 b a b b b c c b a d a b e c e 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 e d c e d a c b d a b e d e C 13 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 e c d d d b d a a a c a b e d