Endocrine Quizzes & Hormone Pharmacology

First week quizzes Overview of the histology of endocrine glands Pituicytes are found in Select one: a. Pineal gland b. Pars nervosa c. Pars intermedia d. Pars tuberalis. e. Pars distalis. The correct answer is: Pars nervosa ……………. constitute about half the chromophils of pars distalis: Select one: a. Thyrotrophs. b. Gonadotrophs c. Corticotrophs d. Lactotrophs e. Somatotrophs The correct answer is: Somatotrophs ……………. are acidophils of pars distalis Select one: a. Thyrotrophs & gonadotrophs b. Somatotrophs & lactotrophs c. Somatotrophs & thyrotrophs d. Somatotrophs & corticotrophs e. Thyrotrophs & lactotrophs The correct answer is: Somatotrophs & lactotrophs Pineal gland contains Select one: a. Pituicytes b. Herring bodies c. Colloid filled cysts d. Brain sand. e. Chromophils and chromophobes The correct answer is: Brain sand. A pregnant woman had begun labor pain, but the labor process was no longer processing. She was given an intravenous injection of oxytocin to stimulate uterine contractions and facilitate parturition. Oxytocin hormone is secreted by Select one: a. Pars tuberalis b. Ovarian follicle c. Pars distalis d. Pars nervosa e. Placenta The correct answer is: Pars nervosa Which cell type secrets follicle stimulating hormone Select one: a. Pinealocytes b. Somatotrophs c. Pituicytes d. Lactotrophs e. Gonadotrophs The correct answer is: Gonadotrophs Prolactin hormone is secreted by Select one: a. Chromophobes b. Pituuitary basophils c. Pituicytes d. Pituitary acidophils e. Pinealocytes The correct answer is: Pituitary acidophils Signal transduction and mechanism of action of hormones Hormone that binds to intracellular receptor is Select one: a. Adrenocorticotropic hormone b. Glucagon c. Thyroxine d. Follicle stimulating hormone The correct answer is: Thyroxine All the following statements about hormones are true except Select one: a. All of them require specific receptors in target cells b. All of them require specific carriers in plasma c. Some of them increase the transcription of certain genes d. Some of them are subject to feedback regulation The correct answer is: All of them require specific carriers in plasma All the following statements about steroid hormones are true except Select one: a. Their receptors are intracellular b. They require cyclic AMP as second messenger c. They are hydrophobic d. They require carriers to transport them in circulation The correct answer is: They require cyclic AMP as second messenger When hormone affects its own producing cells, this effect is called Select one: a. Paracrine b. Autocrine c. None of the above d. Endocrine The correct answer is: Autocrine Steroid hormones easily pass through plasma memberane by diffusion because they Select one: a. Enter through pores b. Are lipid soluble c. Contain carbon and hydrogen d. Are water soluble The correct answer is: Are lipid soluble Amine hormones include the following except Select one: a. adrenaline b. Thyroid c. ACTH d. Noreadrenaline The correct answer is: ACTH Paracrine hormones act on Select one: a. The same cell producing the hormone b. Neighboring cells via the extracellular fluid c. Far cells away from site of secretion d. Group of cells of the same function The correct answer is: Neighboring cells via the extracellular fluid Steroid hormones storage is Select one: a. In vesicles b. In colloid c. Non stored but produced on demand d. None is correct The correct answer is: Non stored but produced on demand Which one of the following is not a second messenger in hormone action Select one: a. cAMP b. Sodium c. cGMP d. Calcium The correct answer is: Sodium Introduction to endocrinology Which of the following gland can be classified as an endocrine and an exocrine gland (mixed gland) Select one: a. Both b and d b. Parathyroid c. Thyroid d. Pancreas. e. Pituitary. The correct answer is: Pancreas. They are chemical substances produced by glands, transported by the blood to target organs to regulate their activity through a receptor.This definition refers to which of the following Select one: a. urine b. Both a and c c. Chyme d. Hormone e. Enzyme The correct answer is: Hormone The kidney is considered a secondary endocrine organ because it secretes which hormone Select one: a. Antidiuretic hormone b. Erythropoietin c. Both a and b d. Aldosterone e. Prolactin. The correct answer is: Erythropoietin Which of the following is considered a physiologic role of hormone Select one: a. Regulate memory b. Control muscle tone c. Regulate cellular proliferation and growth d. Both c and d e. Regulate voluntary movements The correct answer is: Regulate cellular proliferation and growth When a hormone produces a biologic effect on the same cell that released it which of the following refers to this type of delivery of secretions Select one: a. Endocrine b.Neurocrine c. Autocrine d.Neuroendocrine e.Paracrine The correct answer is: Autocrine Release of which of the following hor mones is an example of neuroendocrine secretion Select one: a.Adrenocorticotropic hormone b. hypothalamic releasing/inhibiting hormones c. Thyroid stimulating hormone. d.Growth hormone e.Cortisol The correct answer is: hypothalamic releasing/inhibiting hormones As regard the heart (The atria) secretes which of the following Select one: a. leptin b. Secretin c. Atrial natriuretic peptide d. erythropoietin e. gastrin The correct answer is: Atrial natriuretic peptide Adenohypophyseal hormones What is the function of dopamine secreted by the hypothalamus Select one: a. Inhibition of oxytocin secretion b. Stimulation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) c. Inhibition of prolactin secretion d. Both a and b. e. Inhibition of growth hormone secretion. The correct answer is: Inhibition of prolactin secretion Where is the main site of secretion of insulin like growth factor I? Select one: a. The hypothalamus b. The anterior pituitary c. The epiphysis of long bones d. Kidney e. The liver The correct answer is: The liver The above diagram represents the actions of which of these hormones Select one: a. Prolactin b. Growth hormone (GH). c. Thyroid hormone d. Insulin e. Adrenaline The correct answer is: Growth hormone (GH). What is the effect of growth hormone deficiency in children Select one: a. Premature aging b. Dwarfism c. Tachycardia d. Mental retardation e. Abnormal sexual development The correct answer is: Dwarfism Gigantism and acromegaly are due to Select one: a. Hypopitutarism b. Hyperthyrodism c. Hyperpitutarism d. Hypothyrodism The correct answer is: Hyperpitutarism Which of the following is not released by anterior pituitary gland Select one: a. Prolactin b. ADH c. FSH d. LH e. TSH The correct answer is: ADH FSH is produced by Select one: a. Posterior pituitary gland b. Adrenal glands c. Gonads d. Anterior pituitary gland e. Thyroid gland The correct answer is: Anterior pituitary gland The primary target of the releasing and inhibiting hormones of the hypothalamus is the Select one: a. Anterior pituitary b. Liver and adipose tissue c. Bone marrow d. Gonads The correct answer is: Anterior pituitary What happens if there is an under function of the anterior pituitary gland Select one: a. Dwarfism and decrease of activity in other glands b. Death c. Gigantism d. Hydrocephalis The correct answer is: Dwarfism and decrease of activity in other glands Posterior pituitary hormones How is the level of oxytocin controlled Select one: a. Positive feedback by uterine contraction b. Releasing and inhibitory hormones from the hypothalamus c. Negative feedback by uterine contraction d. Negative feedback by nipple stimulation e. Negative feedback of oxytocin on the hypothalamus The correct answer is: Positive feedback by uterine contraction Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ---------------------. Select one: a. secretion is reduced by a decrease in blood volume b. release is stimulated by a decrease in plasma osmolarity c. simulates absorption of water by the descending loop of Henle d. release is stimulated by an increase in plasma osmolarity e. binds to receptors on the proximal tubule The correct answer is: release is stimulated by an increase in plasma osmolarity What is the cause of diabetes insipidus Select one: a. Decrease action of ADH b. Decrease action of insulin c. Increase action of ACTH d. Increase action of oxytocin e. Decrease action of Glucagon The correct answer is: Decrease action of ADH Which hormone is responsible for stimulating breast milk ejection during lactation? Select one: a. Oxytocin b. Prolactin c. Growth hormone d. Progesterone. e. Estrogen The correct answer is: Oxytocin Physiological influence of vasopressin is evidenced by Select one: a. Increased diuresis b. Increased glucose reabsorption c. Increasing of Na excretion d. Increased water reabsorption in distal tubules e. Spasm of uterus The correct answer is: Increased water reabsorption in distal tubules Which of the following hormones secretion is controlled mainly by positive feedback mechanism Select one: a. Growth hormone b. Parathyroid hormone c. Oxytocin d. ADH e. Thyroxine The correct answer is: Oxytocin The posterior pituitary is formed from Select one: a. Elastic fiber b. Muscular tissue c. Epithelium d. Nervous tissue The correct answer is: Nervous tissue Where ADH works for increasing water reabsorption Select one: a. Proximal tubules of the kidney b. Collecting ducts of the kidney c. Distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney d. Distal tubules of the kidney e. Loop of Henle of the kidney The correct answer is: Distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney Pathology of pituitary gland I Hypersecretion of the growth hormone during childhood is likely to lead to; Select one: a. diabetes insipidus b. Cushing's syndrome c. gigantism d. hypothyroidism e. diabetes mellitus The correct answer is: gigantism Which of the following is not a signs of acromegaly? Select one: a. Decrease in foot size b. Prominent supraorbital ridge c. Enlargement of tongue (macroglossia) d. Oily skin e. Enlargement of the hands and fingers The correct answer is: Decrease in foot size Prolactinoma can present with all, EXCEPT Select one: a. increased menstrual bleedin b. bitemporal hemianopia c. infertility E. hypogonadism in women d. galactorrhoea e. The most common functioning pituitary adenoma. The correct answer is: increased menstrual bleedin What is Sheeshan’s syndrome? Select one: a. It is hyperfunctioning pituitary b. Pituitary gland is infected with virus c. Pituitary gland is infected with Bacteria d. It is the malignancy of the pituitary e. The pituitary is hemorrhagic and necrotic The correct answer is: The pituitary is hemorrhagic and necrotic Which of the following is the most common cause of hyperpituitarism Select one: a. Metastatic tumor b. Hyperplasia c. Compression d. Cancer e. Adenomas The correct answer is: Adenomas Apoplexy mean that the pituitary glands showed which of the following Select one: a. Hemorrahge b. Adenomatous change c. Calcification d. Malignant transformation The correct answer is: Hemorrahge Lactotroph adenomas leads to galactorrhea in addition to Select one: a. Amenorrhea b. Metrorrhagia c. Endometrial hyperplasia d. Menorrhagia The correct answer is: Amenorrhea Which of the following refers to a syndrome usually occur after labour when there is excessive hemorrhage Select one: a. Simmond syndrome b. Cushing syndrome c. Albert syndrome d. Sheehan syndrome e. Frolich syndrome The correct answer is: Sheehan syndrome The following are manifestations of acromegaly except Select one: a. Enlarged liver and heart (cardiomyopathy) b. Amenorrhea and impotence c. Hypoglycemia d. Compression of the optic chiasm (bitemporal hemianopia) The correct answer is: Hypoglycemia Patients with acromegaly can have increased risk of developing which of the following tumors Select one: a. Sarcoma b. Cancer cervix c. Cancer colon d. Cancer oesophagus e. Malignant melanoma The correct answer is: Cancer colon Pituitary/Hypothalamic pharmacology Which drug can be used in treatment of acromegaly Select one: a. Cosyntropin b. Octreotide c. Tolvaptan d. Somatrem The correct answer is: Cosyntropin The following drug is used in treatment of hyperprolactinemia Select one: a. tolvaptan b. Cabergoline c. pegvisomant d. atosiban The correct answer is: Cabergoline Desmopressin is used in treatment of Select one: a. Treatment of central diabetes insipidus b. Infertility c. Endometriosis d. Growth hormone deficiency The correct answer is: Treatment of central diabetes insipidus The following drug can be used in treatment of endometriosis Select one: a. urofollitropin b. vasopressin c. nafarelin d. bromocriptine The correct answer is: nafarelin Demeclocycline is indicated in treatment of one of the following Select one: a. cancer prostate b. central diabetes insipidus c. syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion d. Acromegaly The correct answer is: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion Which drug has utility in inhibiting the severe secretory diarrhea of hormone secreting tumors of the pancreas and GI tract, as well as in the treatment of acromegaly Select one: a. Bromocriptine b. Sertraline c. Octreotide d. Leuprolide The correct answer is: Octreotide which drug can be used for treatment of growth hormone deficiency? Select one: a. somatrem b. tolvaptan c. goserelin d. Cosyntropin The correct answer is: somatrem cabergoline is Select one: a. Vasopressin receptor agonist b. growth hormone receptor antagonist c. Dopamine receptor agonist d. oxytocin receptor antagonist The correct answer is: Dopamine receptor agonist desmopressin is Select one: a. V2 receptor antagonist b. V1 receptor antagonist c. V1 receptor agonist d.V2 receptor agonist The correct answer is:V2 receptor agonist nafarelin is Select one: a. dopamine receptor agonist b. synthetic growth hormone c. GnRh analog d. vasopressin antagonist The correct answer is: GnRh analog nafarelin is Select one: a. dopamine receptor agonist b. GnRh analog c. synthetic growth hormone d. vasopressin antagonist The correct answer is: GnRh analog Histology of thyroid and parathyroid glands Secretion, chemical modification and storage, reuptake & digestion of a protein occur in the endocrine cells of Select one: a. Pineal gland b. Parathyroid gland. c. Pars nervosa d. Thyroid gland e. Pars distalis The correct answer is: Thyroid gland Parafollicular cells are: Select one: a. Steroid-secreting cells b. Of unknown function c. Smaller than follicular cells d. Derived from the neural crest e. Highly acidophilic cells The correct answer is: Derived from the neural crest Parathyroid gland is formed of: Select one: a. Principal and oxyphil cells b. Chromophobes and chromophils c. Acidophils and basophils d. Follicular and parafollicular cells e. Chief and C cells The correct answer is: Principal and oxyphil cells …………… are highly acidophilic large cells more observed in elderly individuals: Select one: a. Chromophobes b. Follicular cells. c. Oxyphil cells d. Chief cells. e. Basophils. The correct answer is: Oxyphil cells The lumen of thyr oid follicles is filled with Select one: a.Parathormone b.Calcitonin c. Thyroxin d.Lipid droplets e.Acidophilic colloid The correct answer is: Acidophilic colloid Thyroxin hormone is secreted by Select one: a.Follicular cells b. O xyphil cells c.Basophil cells d. Acidophil cells e. Parafollicular cells The correct answer is:Follicular cells thyroid stimulating hormone is secreted by: Select one: a. Follicular celle b. Oxyphil cells c. Pituitary basophil cells d.Parafollicular cells e. pituitary acidophil cells The correct answer is: Pituitary basophil cells